Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review of worldwide experience after 20 years

Table 5 Participant characteristics in the long-term studies

	Ref.	n	Female %	Average age (yr)	Average duration of illness (yr)	Average follow-up since DBS implantation (mo)	Target site
RCT	Luyten et al[20], 2016	24	50	39	NR	77	ALIC/BST
Non-RCT	Choudhury et al[78], 2017	1	100	45	21	51	ALIC
	Fayad et al[33], 2016	6	66	44.5	NR	92.5	VC/VS
	Graat et al[19], 2020	50	68	41.6	25.2	81.6	ALIC
	Gupta et al[35], 2019	2	100	46.5	23	42	VC/VS/ ALIC
	Greenberg et al[36], 2010	26	46	35.3	22	96	VC/VS
	Holland et al[21], 2020	9	44.4	40.2	NR	54.8	VC/VS
	Lee et al[37], 2019	5	60	32.4	16.2	49.8	ITP
	Mallet et al[22], 2019	14	42.8	43.8	NA	46	STN
	Polosan et al[38], 2019	12	67	38.3	18	38	STN
	Winter et al[28], 2021	6	33.3	39.6	18	72	ALIC/BNST

The study sample conducted by Fayad et al[33] corresponds to the follow-up of Goodman et al[16]’s study sample. Greenberg et al[36] conducted a multicenter study in which some patients from Fayad et al[33]’s study were included. The patients in the studies by Mallet et al[22] and Chabardes et al[29] are included in the STOC study. ALIC: Anterior limb on internal capsule; BNST: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis; ITP: Inferior thalamic peduncle; NR: Not reported; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; VC/VS: Ventral caudate/ventral striatum.