Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review of worldwide experience after 20 years

Table 4 Participant characteristics in the short-term studies

	Ref.	n	Female %	Average age (yr)	Average duration of illness (yr)	Average follow-up since DBS implantation (mo)	Target site
RCT	Abelson et al[67], 2005	4	50	40.2	22.5	12.8	ALIC
	Barcia et al[32], 2019	7	57.1	35.2	25.3	21	NAcc/CN
	Goodman et al[16], 2010	6	66	36.2	24	12	VC/VS
	Huff et al[31], 2010	10	40	36.3	22.2	12	NAcc
	Tyagi et al[17], 2019	6	16.6	45.5	24.1	12	VC/VS, STN, VC/VS/STN
	Welter et al[39], 2020	8	12.5	42.5	NR	22	STN, CN, NAcc
Non-RCT	Anderson and Ahmed[74], 2003	1	100	35	10	10	ALIC
	Aouizerate et al[75], 2009	2	0	51	33.5	15	NAcc/CN
	Azriel et al[76], 2020	1	100	67	44	16	amGPI
	Chabardes et al[29], 2020	19	63.1	39	20.7	24	STN
	Chang et al[77], 2017	1	100	28	8	12	VC/VS
	Coenen et al[79], 2017	2	0	41.5	29	12	MFB
	Denys et al[44], 2020	70	69	41.7	25	12	ALIC
	Doshi et al[80], 2019	1	100	42	NR	12	NAcc
	Farrand et al[42], 2018	7	57.1	46	25	31	NAcc or BNST
	Franzini et al[81], 2010	2	0	37	21.5	25.5	NAcc
	Gabriëls et al[53], 2003	3	67	41.7	24.3	27	NAcc/ALIC
	Grant et al[34], 2016	1	0	30	5	36	NAcc
	Huys et al[30], 2019	20	50	40.1	26.1	12	ALIC-NAcc
	Islam et al[40], 2015	8	17	45.8	30.2	25	BNST, NAcc
	Jiménez et al[55], 2013	6	50	34.7	16.2	24	ITP
	Maarouf et al[45], 2016	4	75	39.3	23.5	11.5	MD/VA
	Menchón et al[13], 2021	29	52	41	24.5	12	ALIC
	Mulders et al[82], 2017	1	100	49	34	24	VC/VS
	Plewnia et al[83], 2008	1	100	51	NR	24	ALIC/NAcc
	Roh et al[61], 2012	4	25	45.5	24.2	24	VC/VS
	Sachdev et al[84], 2012	1	100	32	28	7	NAcc
	Senova et al[85], 2020	1	100	72	52	36	STN
	Tsai et al[49], 2012	4	0	25.5	8.3	15	VC/VS

ALIC: Anterior limb on internal capsule; amGPI: Anteromedial globus pallidus internus; BNST: Bed nucleus of stria terminalis; CN: Caudate nucleus; ITP: Inferior thalamic peduncle; MD/VA: Medial dorsal and the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus; MFB: Medial forebrain bundle; NAcc: Nucleus accumbens; NR: Not reported; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; VC/VS: Ventral caudate/ventral striatum.