Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review of worldwide experience after 20 years

Table 3 Differences in mean characteristics between the short-term and long-term studies

Characteristic	Short-term		Long-term
	mean ± SD	Range	mean ± SD	Range
Sample size, n	7.9 ± 13.6	1-70	14 ± 14.4	1-50
Female, %	54 ± 36.9	0-100	61.5 ± 22	33-100
Average age, yr	41.7 ± 9.9	28-72	40.5 ± 4.3	32-45
Average duration of illness, yr	24 ± 16.4	5-52	20.4 ± 3.2	16-25
Follow-up since DBS, mo	18.5 ± 8	7-36	63.7 ± 20.7	38-96
Follow-up since DBS, yr	1.5 ± 0.6	1-2.7	5.3 ± 1.7	3-7.7
Baseline Y-BOCS, mean score	33 ± 3.7	19-39	34.4 ± 1.7	32-38
Last Y-BOCS, mean score	17.2 ± 7.4	1-31	18 ± 3.2	11-21
Y-BOCS improvement, %	47.4 ± 21	10-97	47.2 ± 9.9	36-71
Responders, %	60.6 ± 36.2	0-100	70.7 ± 24.8	22-100
	Yes/no		Yes/no
RCT	6/23		1/10
Depression assessment	21/6		9/11
Depression improvement	15/4		8/1
Functionality assessment	16/13		7/4
Functionality improvement	14/1		7/0

DBS: Deep brain stimulation; NR: Not reported; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; Y-BOCS: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive scale.