Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis

Table 4 Subgroup analysis on the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on anxiety symptoms

Subgroups	Anxiety symptom: Post- to pre-treatment effect
	Studies (n)	Participant (n)	I2 % (P value)	Q-test	MD (95%CI)	SMD (95%CI)	P value (between)
Treatment form							0.100
Group	5	320	50 (0.090)	7.96	-1.24 (-2.63, 0.15)	-0.27 (-0.57, 0.04)
Individual	8	913	94 (< 0.001)	123.83	-3.25 (-5.17, -1.32)b	-0.62 (-1.05, -0.18)b
Treatment course							0.280
≥ 12 wk	8	935	73 (0.001)	25.76	-0.73 (-1.69, 0.23)	-0.16 (-0.40, 0.08)
< 12 wk	5	261	90 (< 0.001)	38.38	-2.47 (-5.48, 0.54)	-0.63 (-1.37, 0.12)
Duration of session							0.050
≥ 50 min	9	652	89 (< 0.001)	71.35	-2.49 (-4.88, -0.09)a	-0.43 (-0.86, -0.00)
< 50 min	2	318	0 (0.540)	0.38	-0.12 (-0.35, 0.11)	-0.13 (-0.35, 0.09)
Number of session							0.150
≥ 10	6	617	79 (0.000)	23.89	-0.98 (-2.77, 0.80)	-0.18 (-0.54, 0.18)
< 10	7	458	92 (< 0.001)	70.66	-3.50 (-6.42, -0.58)a	-0.66 (-1.23, -0.10)a
Treatment delivery way							0.390
Remote	4	383	94 (< 0.001)	51.28	-0.59 (-4.68, 3.51)	-0.29 (-1.17, 0.59)
Face to face	10	910	90 (< 0.001)	88.49	-2.54 (-4.17, -0.90)b	-0.47 (-0.78, -0.16)b
Manual available							0.200
Yes	4	214	50 (0.110)	6.03	-0.86 (-2.73, 1.02)	-0.19 (-0.52, 0.13)
No	10	1079	93 (< 0.001)	135.85	-2.48 (-4.12, -0.84)b	-0.52 (-0.91, -0.12)a
Psycho-education strategies							0.140
Important	10	1021	93 (< 0.001)	128.71	-2.71 (-4.29, -1.13)c	-0.57 (-0.95, -0.19)b
Not important	4	272	77 (0.004)	13.30	-0.14 (-3.14, 2.86)	-0.03 (-0.54, 0.48)
Behavioral strategies							0.003
Important	9	998	94 (< 0.001)	134.13	-3.46 (-5.33, -1.60)c	-0.67 (-1.07, -0.27)b
Not important	5	295	47 (0.110)	7.57	0.13 (-1.27, 1.54)	0.05 (-0.26, 0.36)
Cognitive strategies							0.020
Important	11	1102	93 (< 0.001)	134.22	-2.84 (-4.37, -1.31)c	-0.57 (-0.91, -0.22)b
Not important	3	191	72 (0.030)	7.26	1.06 (-1.95, 4.06)	0.16 (-0.37, 0.69)
Interpersonal strategies							0.190
Important	2	390	46 (0.180)	1.84	-0.59 (-2.50, 1.32)	-0.09 (-0.31, 0.13)
Not important	12	903	92 (< 0.001)	140.01	-2.30 (-4.01, -0.59)b	-0.48 (-0.86, -0.10)a
Body directed strategies							0.150
Important	5	694	67 (0.020)	12.22	-0.64 (-1.51, 0.22)	-0.19 (-0.43, 0.05)
Not important	9	599	91 (< 0.001)	87.09	-2.73 (-5.43, -0.02)	-0.50 (-1.01, 0.00)
Homework assignment strategies							0.640
Important	5	529	91 (< 0.001)	45.80	-2.60 (-5.42, 0.23)	-0.61 (-1.17, -0.04)a
Not important	9	764	91 (< 0.001)	84.86	-1.79 (-3.62, 0.04)	-0.31 (-0.72, 0.09)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

MD: Mean difference; SMD: Standard mean difference; CI: Confidence interval.