Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis

Table 3 Subgroup analysis on the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on depression symptoms

Subgroups	Depressive symptom: Post- to pre-treatment effect
	Studies (n)	Participants (n)	I2 % (P value)	Q-test	MD (95%CI)	SMD (95%CI)	P value (between)
Treatment form							0.030
Group	8	2581	72 (0.001)	24.86	-0.96 (-2.16, 0.24)	-0.17 (-0.32, -0.02)a
Individual	10	1061	88 (< 0.001)	75.51	-2.97 (-4.33, -1.62)c	-0.66 (-0.97, -0.35)c
Treatment course							0.200
≥ 12 wk	11	3194	81 (< 0.001)	51.97	-1.28 (-2.07, -0.50)b	-0.34 (-0.54, -0.14)c
< 12 wk	6	288	68 (0.008)	15.69	-2.83 (-5.08, -0.57)a	-0.54 (-1.05, -0.02)a
Duration of a session							0.070
≥ 50 min	11	2788	84 (< 0.001)	62.43	-2.25 (-3.68, -0.81)b	-0.34 (-0.55, -0.13)b
< 50 min	3	439	13 (0.320)	2.30	-0.86 (-1.36, -0.35)c	-0.46 (-1.11, 0.19)
Number of sessions							0.330
≥ 10	9	2876	82 (< 0.001)	43.75	-1.62 (-2.76, -0.49)b	-0.28 (-0.45, -0.12)c
< 10	8	485	80 (< 0.001)	35.88	-2.90 (-5.22, -0.59)a	-0.50 (-0.92, -0.09)b
Treatment delivery way							0.410
Remote	5	473	81 (0.000)	20.63	-2.73 (-4.78, -0.67)b	-0.58 (-0.97, -0.19)b
Face to face	13	3106	85 (< 0.001)	77.45	-1.77 (-2.78, -0.77)c	-0.37 (-0.59, -0.16)c
Manual available							0.610
Yes	4	212	84 (0.000)	19.24	-3.27 (-9.09, 2.55)	-0.39 (-1.07, 0.30)
No	14	3367	83 (< 0.001)	76.32	-1.76 (-2.56, -0.96)c	-0.42 (-0.62, -0.23)c
Drop-out							0.610
≥ 20%	2	197	34 (0.220)	1.51	-1.31 (-4.21, 1.59)	-0.23 (-0.51, 0.05)
< 20%	16	3382	85 (< 0.001)	100.58	-2.10 (-3.04, -1.17)c	-0.44 (-0.64, -0.24)c
Psycho-education strategies							0.440
Important	15	3367	82 (< 0.001)	76.48	-1.78 (-2.59, -0.97)c	-0.40 (-0.59, -0.21)c
Not important	3	212	92 (< 0.001)	24.52	-4.60 (-11.79, 2.58)	-0.54 (-1.37, 0.28)
Behavioral strategies							0.005
Important	13	3315	87 (< 0.001)	95.77	-2.48 (-3.47, -1.48)c	-0.52 (-0.73, -0.31)c
Not important	5	264	11 (0.340)	4.50	-0.30 (-1.45, 0.85)	-0.05 (-0.30, 0.20)
Cognitive strategies							0.670
Important	16	3448	85 (< 0.001)	99.64	-2.11 (-2.99, -1.23)c	-0.45 (-0.64, -0.26)c
Not important	2	131	53 (0.150)	2.11	-1.18 (-5.38, 3.03)	-0.14 (-0.65, 0.37)
Affective strategies							0.005
Important	2	413	0 (0.680)	0.18	-0.49 (-1.32, 0.34)	-0.09 (-0.29, 0.10)
Not important	16	3166	85 (< 0.001)	100.55	-2.32 (-3.30, -1.33)c	-0.47 (-0.68, -0.27)c
Interpersonal strategies							0.230
Important	4	2422	80 (0.002)	15.31	-1.29 (-2.67, 0.09)	-0.21 (-0.37, -0.05)b
Not important	14	1157	84 (< 0.001)	80.72	-2.40 (-3.55, -1.25)c	-0.52 (-0.79, -0.24)c
Body directed strategies							0.070
Important	9	2876	70 (0.001)	26.46	-1.20 (-1.91, -0.49)c	-0.33 (-0.53, -0.12)b
Not important	9	703	88 (< 0.001)	66.33	-3.47 (-5.84, -1.10)b	-0.54 (-0.92, -0.17)b
Homework assignment strategies							0.890
Important	6	2314	83 (< 0.001)	29.48	-2.07 (-3.75, -0.38)b	-0.32 (-0.60, -0.05)a
Not important	12	1265	80 (< 0.001)	55.64	-1.93 (-2.96, -0.90)c	-0.47 (-0.74, -0.20)c

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

MD: Mean difference; SMD: Standard mean difference; CI: Confidence interval.