Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Total effect of cognitive behavioral therapy -based interventions on depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, quality of life, and 6-min walk test distance

Index	Outcomes: Post-to pre-treatment effect
	Studies, n	Participant	I2 % (P value)	Q-test	MD (95%CI)	P value	SMD (95%CI)	P value
Depression	18	3579	83 (< 0.001)	102.69	-2.00 (-2.83, -1.16)c	< 0.001	-0.42 (-0.60, -0.24)c	< 0.001
Anxiety	14	1293	91 (< 0.001)	142.05	-2.07 (-3.39, -0.75)b	0.002	-0.42 (-0.72, -0.11)b	0.008
Stress	5	369	22 (0.280)	5.11	-3.33 (-4.23, -2.44)c	< 0.001	-0.62 (-0.83, -0.40)c	< 0.001
BMI	2	377	0 (0.550)	0.36	-0.47 (-0.81, -0.13)b	0.006	-0.23 (-0.43, -0.02)a	0.030
Systolic pressure	4	437	1 (0.390)	3.04	-1.82 (-5.12, 1.49)	0.280	-0.10 (-0.29, 0.09)	0.290
Diastolic pressure	4	437	0 (0.870)	0.72	-0.95 (-2.75, 0.86)	0.300	-0.09 (-0.28, 0.09)	0.330
TC	2	131	0 (0.390)	0.75	0.15 (-0.81, 1.12)	0.760	0.15 (-0.19, 0.50)	0.380
HDL-C	2	131	0 (0.890)	0.02	0.07 (-0.09, 0.23)	0.390	0.05 (-0.29, 0.40)	0.760
Physical function	7	666	49 (0.070)	11.77	3.36 (1.63, 5.10)c	0.000	0.27 (0.12, 0.43)b	0.001
Mental function	5	419	52 (0.080)	8.28	6.91 (4.10, 9.73)c	< 0.001	0.71 (0.41, 1.00)c	< 0.001
6-minute walk test distance	2	279	0 (0.550)	0.35	9.64 (-11.80, 31.08)	0.380	0.11 (-0.13, 0.34)	0.380

^aP < 0.05

^bP < 0.01

^cP < 0.001.

MD: Mean difference; SMD: Standard mean difference; BMI: Body mass index; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CI: Confidence interval.