Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Table 1 Involvement of microRNAs in multiple myeloma cell proliferation and apoptosis

Activator	miRNA reduced	miRNA overexpressed	Target increased	Target decreased	Effect	Ref.
Deletion, other	miR-15a, miR-16		AKT, S6, MAPK, MAP3KIP3 (TAB3)		Increased proliferation and survival	[30]
	miR-30-5p family		BCL9		Increased Wnt/β-catenin activation	[32]
c-Myc (reduced)	miR-17/92 cluster		Bim		Increased apoptosis	[36,40]
Sp-1 (increased)	miR-29b		Sp-1, CDK6, Mcl-1, caspase-3, Rb phosphorylation			[41,42]
	miR-34a, miR-192, miR-194, miR-215		MDM2, IGF-1		Cell proliferation	[34]
		miR-19a/b		SOCS1, Bim	Reduced apoptosis	[36]
		miR-181a/b, miR-32		PCAF	Reduced p53 acetylation	[36]
		miR-221, miR-222		P27Kip1, p57Kip2, PUMA, PTEN	Increased proliferation	[35]
IL-6		miR-21		STAT-3		[37,38]

AKT: Protein kinase B; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; MAP3KIP3: Mitogen-activated protein 3 kinase interacting protein 3; BCL9: B-cell lymphoma 9 protein; MDM2: Mouse double minute 2; IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; SOCS1: Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1; PCAF: P300/CBP-associated factor; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog; STAT-3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; PUMA: p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis; IL-6: Interleukin 6.