Sieving characteristics of cytokine- and peroxide-induced epithelial barrier leak: Inhibition by berberine

Figure 2 The effect of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ on CACO-2 transepithelial electrical resistance and transepithelial flux of ¹⁴C-D-mannitol. A: Radiotracer flux studies were conducted as described in Figure 1 with the treatment conditions listed above. Data represent the percent of control flux rate, and is expressed as the mean ± SE of 4 cell layers per condition. NS indicates non significance vs control; B: CACO-2 cell layers were cultured and treated as described in Figure 1, using the following conditions: Control medium; medium containing 200 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); medium containing 200 ng/mL Interferon-γ (IFN-γ); or medium containing a combination of 200 ng/mL TNF-α and 200 ng/mL IFN-γ. Data shown represent the mean ± SE of 4 cell layers per condition, with data expressed as the percent of control resistance. ^bP < 0.01 vs control; ^dP < 0.001 vs control; ^fP < 0.01 vs TNF-α alone (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc testing).