Hypertension and medical expenditure in the Japanese population: Review of prospective studies

Figure 4 Crude arithmetic mean (A) and adjusted geometric mean (B) of medical expenditure per month over 10 years of follow-up in male Japanese medical insurance beneficiaries aged 40-69 years, grouped according to hypertension and smoking status. Analysis of covariance was used to compare log-transformed monthly medical expenditure in each blood pressure category, after adjustment for age, body mass index, drinking habit, serum total cholesterol, and a history of diabetes. From Nakamura et al[8].