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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Feb 26, 2025; 17(2): 103909
Published online Feb 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i2.103909
Figure 3
Figure 3 McCullough protocol: Base spike detoxification. A: Dissolution of spike protein-induced thrombus. Nattokinase directly degrades fibrinolysis-resistant fibrin (from spike protein), and bromelain upregulates fibrinolysis; B: Inhibition of spike protein via ACE2 receptors. Bromelain and curcumin block the ACE2 receptor, preventing spike protein from binding; C: Proteolytic degradation of spike protein. Nattokinase and bromelain degrade spike proteins, rendering them inactive; D: Attenuation of spike protein-induced inflammation. Bromelain and curcumin downregulate the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway induced by spike protein, leading to the suppression of inflammatory molecules; E: Base spike detoxification treatment protocol. The full treatment regimen and the addition of other compounds based on clinical indication are illustrated. TPA: Tissue plasminogen activator; PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; ACE2: Angiotensin converting enzyme-2; NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa B; S1/S2: Spike protein subunits S1/S2; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4. Citation: Hulscher N, Procter BC, Wynn C, McCullough PA. Clinical Approach to Post-acute Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination. Cureus 2023; 15(11): e49204 Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Springer Nature[25] (Supplementary material).