Longevity of animals under reactive oxygen species stress and disease susceptibility due to global warming

Figure 4 Relation among O₂ consumption increases in ambient temperature and thermoregulation in animals. When ambient Ta decreases below thermoneutrality, VO₂ increases maintaining body Tb. When thermogenesis does not suffice, Tb begins to fall (critical Ta). The ability to maintain a thermoneutral range is mostly due to an increase in heat dissipation. Eventually, with further increases in Ta, heat-loss mechanisms will not prevent a rise in Tb, which will also lead to a rise in VO₂[162]. Ta: Temperature; VO₂: Oxygen consumption; Tb: Temperature.