Refractoriness of interferon-beta signaling through NOD1 pathway in mouse respiratory epithelial cells using the anticancer xanthone compound

Figure 7 Schematic model of probable pathway of refractoriness of interferon-β signal. Previous works have shown that 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) can activate TANK-binding kinase1 (TBK1) to initiate interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling and nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) that interacts with rip-like interacting caspase-like apoptosis-regulatory protein kinase to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway that regulates production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines[11-13]. Our results indicate that DMXAA can induce refractoriness of interferon-β signal through NOD1 tolerance in mouse respiratory epithelial cells.