Initial suction drainage decreases severe postoperative complications after pancreatic trauma: A cohort study

Figure 1 Sketch map of the negative pressure irrigation suction drainage and passive gravity drainage systems. A: Negative pressure irrigation suction drainage. A cranial margin closed the outer silicone cannula with a diameter between 24 French and 30 French, and multiple side apertures with diameters of 3-5 mm were arranged along the cannula (part a). A 12 French urinary catheter and the cranial margin are connected to part a with silk thread for continuous irrigation with sterile normal saline at a rate of 100 to 125 mL/h after surgery (part b). An inner silicone cannula without side aperture was placed into part a, with approximately half the diameter of part a, for connection to a low negative pressure (-10 kPa to -20 kPa) system[28] (part c); B: Passive gravity (PG) drainage. PG drainage is defined as a latex catheter drain that maintains a pathway for fluid to follow from the surgical site by gravity, connected to a liquid storage bag maintained at atmospheric pressure.