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World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2023; 14(8): 1194-1201
Published online Aug 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i8.1194
Ten-year review of trends in children with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales
Sze M Ng, Astha Soni
Sze M Ng, Department of Paediatrics, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Ormskirk L39 2AZ, United Kingdom
Sze M Ng, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693BX, Merseyside, United Kingdom
Sze M Ng, Faculty of Health, Social Care & Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk L39 4QP, Lancashire, United Kingdom
Astha Soni, Department of Paediatrics, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield S10 2TH, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Ng SM conceived the paper; Ng SM and Soni A wrote the draft and finalised the paper.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Sze M Ng, OBE, PhD, MBA, LLM, MSc, MBBS, FRCPCH, Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Ormskirk District General Hospital, Ormskirk L39 2AZ, United Kingdom. ngszemay@yahoo.com
Received: February 3, 2023
Peer-review started: February 3, 2023
First decision: March 1, 2023
Revised: March 9, 2023
Accepted: June 21, 2023
Article in press: June 21, 2023
Published online: August 15, 2023
Processing time: 188 Days and 19.6 Hours
Abstract

This review describes the prevalence, incidence, and demographics of children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales using data from the United Kingdom National Paediatric Diabetes Audit (NPDA) and has almost 100% submission from all paediatric diabetes centres annually. It is a powerful benchmarking tool and is an essential part of a long-term quality improvement programme for CYP with diabetes. Clinical characteristics of this population by age, insulin regimen, complication rates, health inequalities, access to diabetes technology, socioeconomic deprivation and glycaemic outcomes over the past decade is described in the review. The NPDA for England and Wales is commissioned by the United Kingdom Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership as part of the National Clinical Audit for the United Kingdom National Service Framework for Diabetes. The rising incidence of Type 1 diabetes is evidenced in the past decade. Reduction in national median glycated hemoglobin for CYP with diabetes is observed over the last 10 years and the improvement sustained by various initiatives and quality improvement pro-grammes implemented with universal health coverage.

Keywords: Paediatric; Type 1; Trends; Outcomes; Glycated hemoglobin

Core Tip: This review describes the prevalence, incidence and demographics of children and young people (CYP) with type 1 diabetes in England and Wales using data from the United Kingdom National Paediatric Diabetes Audit. Reduction in national median glycated hemoglobin for CYP with diabetes is seen over the last 10 years and sustained by various initiatives and quality improvement programmes implemented with universal health coverage.