Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Feb 15, 2023; 14(2): 120-129
Published online Feb 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i2.120
Exposure to proton pump inhibitors and risk of diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Yun-Ran Guo, Xin-Ming Liu, Gui-Xia Wang
Yun-Ran Guo, Xin-Ming Liu, Gui-Xia Wang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
Author contributions: Guo YR and Wang GX contributed to the study design; Guo YR and Liu XM conducted data collection and selection; Guo YR performed data analysis and wrote the manuscript; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest to report.
PRISMA 2009 Checklist statement: The authors have read the PRISMA 2009 Checklist, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Gui-Xia Wang, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China. gwang168@jlu.edu.cn
Received: November 26, 2022
Peer-review started: November 26, 2022
First decision: December 12, 2022
Revised: December 20, 2022
Accepted: January 19, 2023
Article in press: January 19, 2023
Published online: February 15, 2023
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been reported to have a potential role in the development of diabetes.

AIM

To determine the association between PPIs and diabetes.

METHODS

This meta-analysis is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022352704). In August 2022, eligible studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search. In this study, odds ratios were combined with 95% confidence intervals using a random-effects model. The source of heterogeneity was assessed using sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. The publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test and Begg’s test.

RESULTS

The meta-analysis included 9 studies with a total of 867185 participants. Results showed that the use of PPIs increased the risk of diabetes (odds ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.43, n = 9, I2 = 96.3%). Subgroup analysis showed that geographic location and study type had significant effects on the overall results. Both Egger’s and Begg’s tests showed no publication bias (P > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis also confirmed the stability of the results.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study indicated that the use of PPIs was related to an increased risk of diabetes. However, more well-designed studies are needed to verify these results in the future.

Keywords: Proton pump inhibitors, Diabetes mellitus, Odds ratio, Meta-analysis, Diabetogenesis

Core Tip: Exposure to proton pump inhibitors has been reported to have a potential role in the development of diabetes. There are no consistent results for the association between proton pump inhibitors use and diabetes risk. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a more reliable assessment.