Role of histone deacetylases in pancreas: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy

Figure 3 Histone deacetylase involvements in hypoxia inducible factor-1-mediated response to hypoxia. As suggested by Miyake et al[51], HIF-1α is possibly regulated and stabilized by two subunits of the NuRD complex: HDAC1/MTA1. Stabilized HIF-1α induces neo-angiogenesis by up-regulation of VEGF and, furthermore, contributes to EMT via Twist and subsequent inhibition of E-Cadherin expression (CDH1). Expression of E-Cadherin can be additionally repressed by complexes of either HDAC class I with ZEB1 or HDAC1 and 2 with Snail at the CDH1 promoter[56]. HDAC: Histone deacetylases; HIF1: Hypoxia inducible factor-1; MTA1: Metastasis-associated protein 1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ZEB1: Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1.