Gut microbiota differences, metabolite changes, and disease intervention during metabolic - dysfunction - related fatty liver progression

Figure 4 In the intestine, lipopolysaccharide-producing microorganisms spread through the intestinal leakage into the portal vein circulation and then reach the liver, where they release lipopolysaccharide. By binding to the TLR4-MD2 receptor, this process exacerbates the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; LBP: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; IR: Insulin resistance; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Created from BIOGDP.com[93].