Klebsiella pneumoniae infections after liver transplantation: Drug resistance and distribution of pathogens, risk factors, and influence on outcomes

Table 7 Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for intensive care unit stay after liver transplantation ≥ 7, n (%)

Variables	ICU stay after LT ≥ 7 d (150)	ICU stay after LT < 7 d (256)	P value	OR (95%CI)
Total
Univariate analysis
Female sex	34 (22.7)	38 (14.8)	0.046
Recipient age ≥ 55 yr	45 (30.0)	56 (21.9)	0.068
Recipient BMI ≥ 25	38 (25.3)	68 (26.6)	0.785
MELD score at LT ≥ 22	98 (65.3)	131 (51.2)	0.005
Hospital stay prior to LT ≥ 7 d	98 (65.3)	141 (55.1)	0.043
Viral cirrhosis/necrosis/tumor	112 (74.7)	192 (75.0)	0.940
Alcoholic cirrhosis	11 (7.3)	20 (7.8)	0.861
Pre-LT diabetes	17 (11.3)	31 (12.1)	0.815
Pre-LT creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL	18 (12.0)	11 (4.3)	0.004
Infection within 2 months prior to LT	57 (38.0)	103 (40.2)	0.657
Pre-LT WBC count ≥ 10 × 109/L	27 (18.0)	123 (48.0)	0.129
Pre-LT lymphocyte count ≤ 0.5 × 109/L	34 (22.7)	64 (25.0)	0.596
Pre-LT platelet count ≤ 50 × 109/L	46 (30.7)	89 (34.8)	0.397
Pre-LT albumin level < 30 g/L	28 (18.7)	123 (48.0)	0.687
Donor age ≥ 50 yr	46 (30.7)	88 (34.4)	0.443
Steatosis ≥ 30%	16 (10.7)	26 (10.2)	0.871
Cold ischemia time ≥ 360 min	78 (52.0)	136 (53.1)	0.827
Duration of surgery ≥ 450 min	31 (20.7)	40 (15.6)	0.197
Intraoperative bleeding ≥ 3000 ml	102 (68.0)	135 (52.7)	0.003
Intraoperative RBC transfusion ≥ 12 U	92 (61.3)	129 (50.4)	0.033
ALT on day 1 after LT ≥ 1500 U/L	41 (27.3)	39 (15.2)	0.003
Creatinine on day 3 after LT ≥ 2 mg/dL	30 (20.0)	31 (12.1)	0.032
Albumin level on day 1 after LT < 30 g/L	12 (8.0)	16 (6.3)	0.502
Post-LT infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae	18 (12.0)	14 (5.5)	0.018
Post-LT infections due to CRKP	15 (10.0)	6 (2.3)	0.001
Post-LT mechanical ventilation	59 (39.3)	35 (13.7)	< 0.001
Reoperation	11 (7.3)	6 (2.3)	0.015
Acute rejection	28 (18.7)	39 (15.2)	0.369
Post-LT renal replacement therapy	14 (9.3)	5 (2.0)	0.001
Glucocorticoidse ≥ 1500 mg	102 (68.0)	154 (60.2)	0.114
Basiliximab use ≥ 40 mg	55 (36.7)	104 (40.6)	0.430
Anti-thymocyte globulin use	7 (4.7)	11 (4.3)	0.861
Multivariate analysis
MELD score at LT ≥ 22			0.020	1.695 (1.086-2.645)
Intraoperative bleeding ≥ 3000 ml			0.012	1.790 (1.139-2.813)
ALT on day 1 after LT ≥ 1500 U/L			0.017	1.915 (1.123-3.265)
Post-LT renal replacement therapy			0.014	4.058 (1.327-12.409)
Post-LT mechanical ventilation			< 0.001	3.402 (2.052-5.639)

ICU: Intensive care unit; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; CI: Confidence intervals; LT: Liver transplantation; RBC: Red blood cell; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; OR: Odds ratios; CRKP: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; BMI: Body mass index.