Progenitor cells as remote "bioreactors": Neuroprotection via modulation of the systemic inflammatory response

Figure 4 Fate of injected BMSCs and effect of BMSC treatment on survival of normal and immune cell-depleted mice. A-C Immunohistochemical staining showing that BMSCs pre-labeled with Q-dot (red punctate staining; (A) travel to the lung (B) and take up residence in close proximity to macrophages (C); The latter cells were immunostained with an antibody to Iba1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1, a specific marker of the macrophage lineage47) and visualized with Alexa-Fluor-488 conjugated to a secondary antibody (green). Scale bar, 10 μm; (D-F) Summary of the effectiveness of BMSC treatment of mice genetically lacking or depleted of certain subsets of immune cells or soluble mediators. Survival curves show survival percentage of macrophage-depleted mice with or without BMSC treatment (D), survival percentage of BMSC-treated CLP mice and untreated mice after neutralizing IL-10 or blocking the IL-10 receptor (e) and survival percentage of after treatment with BMSCs derived from Il10-/- septic mice (F). ^aP < 0.05. Reproduced with permission[36].