Use of priming strategies to advance the clinical application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-based therapy

Figure 2 Important factors affecting the heterogeneity of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell clinical effects and potential strategies for improving mesenchymal stromal/stem cells-based therapies. A: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from many tissues but have mainly been harvested from bone marrow, dental pulp, adipose and placental tissue. Different tissue sources can affect the MSC phenotype and properties[41]. There is the need to establish the best source for MSCs to obtain, without invasiveness, effective cells for therapeutic use; B: The manipulation of MSCs prior to use can influence MSC clinical potency[3] and direct their use towards specific pathological conditions; C: The above-mentioned strategies might be very useful for the optimization of MSC-based therapies for several multitarget diseases for which effective treatments are currently lacking. MSC: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell.