Interaction between diet and genetics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Tips for dietary adjustments during flares of inflammatory bowel disease[5,9,22,25-27,29]

No.	Tips
1	Avoid foods that may exacerbate diarrhea such as raw vegetables, fresh fruits with peel, prunes, spicy foods, fried or greasy foods, concentrated sweets, and caffeinated beverages
2	Avoid ultra-processed food
3	Prefer smaller, more frequent meals that are better tolerated and can increase calories and nutrient intake
4	Try to incorporate into your feed that constitutes the nutritional basis of the Mediterranean diet
5	Follow a lactose-free diet because it is not uncommon to develop transient lactose deficiency during flares
6	Avoid alcoholic drinks
7	Consider using nutritional supplements if solid foods are not well tolerated during the flare or your appetite is much reduced
8	Consider the use of EEN or CDED (PEN + modified oral diet) for Crohn disease according to the patient's tolerances

CDED: Crohn's disease exclusion diet; PEN: Partial enteral nutrition; EEN: Exclusive enteral nutrition.