Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid upregulates reticulophagy receptor expression and promotes cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Figure 5 Impact of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and the expression of autocrine motility factor receptor and proteins related to mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites in Huh7 and MHCC97L cells. A: Huh7 and MHCC97L cells were exposed to 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 μmol/L suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) for 48 h and stained with Rhod-2 AM. The cells were observed under a confocal microscope (× 400 magnification); B: Huh7 and MHCC97L cells were exposed to 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 μmol/L SAHA for 48 h and simultaneously stained with Mito-Tracker Green and Rhod-2 AM Red. The cells were observed under a confocal microscope (× 400 magnification). The scale is 100 μm; C-E: Representative western blot images showed the expression of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 1, glucose-regulated protein 75, voltage-dependent anion channel 1, and autocrine motility factor receptor in Huh7 and MHCC97L cells treated with SAHA for 48 h. Relative protein expression levels were normalized to β-actin. Data are exhibited as mean ± standard deviation. ^aP < 0.05 vs 0 μmol/L group (n = 3). AMFR: Autocrine motility factor receptor; IP3R1: Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor type 1; GRP75: Glucose-regulated protein 75; VDAC1: Voltage-dependent anion channel 1.