Metabolomics of Fuzi-Gancao in CCl4 induced acute liver injury and its regulatory effect on bile acid profile in rats

Table 5 Serum metabolites in CCl₄-induced acute liver injury in rats (n = 8)

Metabolite	Model group	Control group	FG group
L-leucine	431.1 ± 54.32	331.4 ± 48.78d	393.5 ± 53.83
N-phenylacetylglycine	5.350 ± 0.938	1.417 ± 0.351d	2.915 ± 0.496b,d
L-tryptophan	17.96 ± 3.014	14.63 ± 2.724c	17.05 ± 2.679a
L-kynurenine	6.270 ± 0.729	3.948 ± 0.450d	6.646 ± 1.214b
Cholic acid	1.342 ± 0.230	0.047 ± 0.004d	1.001 ± 0.124b,d
GSH	2.562 ± 0.433	0.991 ± 0.285d	2.317 ± 0.632b
GSSG	0.108 ± 0.016	0.021 ± 0.002d	0.051 ± 0.009b,d
lactate	257.8 ± 32.57	230.8 ± 37.30	185.3 ± 31.52b,d
Choline	3.548 ± 0.539	2.639 ± 0.451	2.802 ± 0.413
(E)-butenedioic acid	163.6 ± 18.57	79.48 ± 8.625d	87.82 ± 10.55d
Hypoxanthine	0.052 ± 0.003	0.021 ± 0.002d	0.022 ± 0.003d
Carnitine	23.55 ± 5.024	13.52 ± 1.370d	20.05 ± 1.323b
Phenylalanine	289.5 ± 37.51	165.6 ± 23.76d	261.4 ± 32.33b
Uric acid	4.523 ± 0.863	2.769 ± 0.474d	2.927 ± 0.488d
Hippuric acid	95.58 ± 16.47	65.78 ± 13.92d	76.53 ± 16.92d
Citric acid	11.86 ± 1.531	15.62 ± 2.437d	13.51 ± 2.002
Pantothenic acid	7.852 ± 0.953	4.602 ± 0.560d	4.831 ± 0.693d
Uridine	19.37 ± 2.772	6.816 ± 0.829d	17.53 ± 2.503b
Glucosamine-1-phosphate	0.025 ± 0.005	0.017 ± 0.004c	0.020 ± 0.004
8-OH-dG	0.008 ± 0.001	0.007 ± 0.001c	0.007 ± 0.001c
C16:1 Lyso PC	3.215 ± 0.491	4.813 ± 0.503d	6.293 ± 1.337b,d
C16:0 Lyso PC	13.37 ± 2.434	16.62 ± 3.027	18.39 ± 3.316c
C18:1 Lyso PC	16.837 ± 2.392	23.699 ± 4.427d	26.647 ± 4.339a,d
C18:0 LysoPC	11.42 ± 1.130	18.332 ± 1.833d	16.66 ± 2.603a,d

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01 compared with the negative control group.

^cP < 0.05.

^dP < 0.01 compared with the model control group. GSH: Glutathione; GSSG: Glutathione oxidized.