Copyright
©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2021; 27(27): 4413-4428
Published online Jul 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i27.4413
Published online Jul 21, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i27.4413
Figure 2 Representative scheme of the several pathophysiological mechanisms involved in radiation proctitis: The hypoxia/hypocel lularity/hypovascularisation, intestinal microbiota and the fibroatrophic theories.
FGFb: Basic fibroblast growth factor; IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; IL: Interleukin; INF-β: Interferon- beta; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor beta-1; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Citation: Adapted from Costa DA et al[21].
- Citation: Alpuim Costa D, Amaro CE, Nunes A, Cardoso JS, Daniel PM, Rosa I, Branco JV. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a complementary treatment for radiation proctitis: Useless or useful? – A literature review. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(27): 4413-4428
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i27/4413.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i27.4413