High levels of serum interleukin-6 increase mortality of hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 3 Risk factors associated with prognosis in hepatitis B virus-associated acute-on-chronic liver failure patients

Parameter	First step			Last step
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age, per yr	1.03	1.01-1.06	0.008	1.04	1.01-1.07	0.009
Bilirubin, per 1 mg/dL	1.05	1.02-1.09	0.001	1.04	1.002-1.08	0.037
Albumin, per 1 g/L	1.01	0.99-1.03	0.339	-	-	-
Creatinine, per 1 μmol/L	1.02	1.01-1.03	< 0.001	1.02	1.01-1.03	0.001
INR, per 1 unit	3.46	2.27-5.28	< 0.001	3.54	2.19-5.72	< 0.001
ALT, per 1 U/L	1.00	1.00-1.00	0.197	-	-	-
AST, per 1 U/L	1.00	1.00-1.00	0.093	-	-	-
GGT, per 1 U/L	1.00	0.99-1.00	0.132	-	-	-
Hemoglobin, per 1 g/L	0.99	0.98-1.00	0.042	-	-	-
HE (yes vs no1)	2.92	1.58-5.40	0.001	2.47	1.15-5.32	0.021
UGB (yes vs no1)	5.54	1.65-18.67	0.006	4.73	1.02-21.98	0.047
Hyponatremia (yes vs no1)	1.37	0.99-1.90	0.057	-	-	-
Renal disfunction (yes vs no1)2	7.34	2.53-21.32	< 0.001	-	-	-
IL-6, pg/ml (> 11.8 vs ≤ 11.81)	2.10	1.26-3.51	0.005	2.11	1.15-3.90	0.017

¹Reference value.

²Serum creatinine level ranging from 1.5 to 1.9 mg/dL[7]. P values shown in bold indicate statistical significance. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; INR: International normalized ratio; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; UGB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; IL-6: Interleukin-6.