Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 and Helicobacter pylori infection: A review

Figure 2 Prevention of gastric cancer development by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1. Sensing of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-derived peptidoglycan (PGN) by intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) in gastric epithelial cells induces activation of TNF receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) as mentioned in Figure 1. TRAF3 activation by NOD1 negatively regulates expression of caudal-related homeobox 2 (Cdx2) via the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation to prevent intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer (left panel). On the other hand, lack of NOD1-mediated negative regulation on Cdx2 expression promotes the development of gastric cancer (right panel).