Treatment with dimethyl fumarate ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury

Figure 3 Effects of dimethyl fumarate on the expression levels of anti-oxidant enzymes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 in the liver. A: Representative western blots of CAT, GCLM, GCLC, GPx, eNOS, NF-κB and COX-2 in the CTL and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) groups. The bar graph summarizing the western blot data of (B) CAT, (C) GCLM, (D) GCLC, (E) GPx, (F) eNOS, (G) NF-κB, and (H) COX-2. Data represent the mean ± SD. Significant increases in liver CAT and GCLM expression levels were observed in the DMF group compared to those in the CTL group (CAT: P = 0.03, Figure 3B; GCLM: P = 0.04, Figure 3C). The protein expression of eNOS was also enhanced by DMF administration compared to that of the CTL group (P = 0.02, Figure 3F). Furthermore, DMF decreased the levels of NF-κB and COX-2 expression in the liver (NF-κB, P = 0.01, Figure 3G; COX-2, P = 0.007, Figure 3H). The protein expression levels of GPx, HO-1, SOD and NQO-1 were not significantly different between the two groups (GPx: P = 0.22, HO-1: P = 0.39, SOD: P = 0.32 and NQO-1: P = 0.95). GCLM: Glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit; COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2; GCLC: Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; DMF: Dimethyl fumarate; CTL: Control.