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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 28, 2014; 20(32): 11142-11159
Published online Aug 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11142
Published online Aug 28, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11142
Potential therapeutic targets | Extracellular response | Ref. |
K-ras mutant oncogene | Proliferation of desmoplastic reaction (leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, neuronal cells, collagen, hyaluron): upregulation of GM-CSF | Chu et al[78]; Neesse et al[79]; Ying et al[81]; Nolan-Stevaux et al[82]; Bayne et al[87] |
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) | Growth and differenatiation of stromal fibroblasts | Bailey et al[83]; Tian et al[84]; Olive et al[85] |
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs); regulatory T-cells (Treg); myeloid derived suppressor cells | Evasion of the immune system | Bayne et al[87]; Pylayeva-Gupta et al[88] |
Desmoplastic reaction | Anti-angiogenesis; hypoxic tumor environment | Komar et al[86] |
- Citation: Rossi ML, Rehman AA, Gondi CS. Therapeutic options for the management of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(32): 11142-11159
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i32/11142.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i32.11142