DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors inhibits hepatitis B virus replication

Figure 2 Interferon regulatory factor 3 signaling pathway is not required for inhibition of hepatitis B virus by DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors. A: DAI did not induce IRF-3 phosphorylation. Control DNA, hemagglutinin (HA)-DAI or Flag-interferon-β promoter stimulator 1 (IPS1) was transfected into Huh7 cells. Forty-eight hours later, the phosphorylated form of IRF-3 was analyzed by Western blotting; B: Blockage of IRF-3 signaling did not affect inhibitory effect of DAI on HBV replication. Northern blotting assay was performed as shown in Figure 1C; C: Expression of DAI could not induce IRF-3 nuclear translocation. Cells were harvested 48 h after transfection and IRF-3 was stained as described. DAI: DNA-dependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors; IRF: Interferon regulatory factor; IRF-3ΔN: IRF-3 dominant negative plasmid; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DAPI: 4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole; YFP: Yellow fluorescent protein.