Gastrointestinal manifestations of critical ill heatstroke patients and their associations with outcomes: A multicentre, retrospective, observational study

Figure 1 Flow chart of the study. Patients were grouped according to whether gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms occurred on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, then whether GI symptoms occurred during ICU hospitalization and the onset of patients’ GI symptoms. ICU: Intensive care unit; GI: Gastrointestinal; w: With; o: Without.

Figure 2 Number of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and total number of heatstroke patients still in the intensive care unit per day.

Figure 3 Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression of risk factors with gastrointestinal symptoms. A: It showed multivariable logistic regression between heatstroke patients’ gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with age, sex, body mass index (BMI) Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, nutrition risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, high temperature exposed duration and patients’ temperature; B: It is adjusted for coexisting disorder and index in Figure 3A; C: It is adjusted for laboratory results at intensive care unit admission and index in Figure 3A. Age is a categorical variable bounded by the median age of the patient, with less than the median age being compared. Sex is the categorical variable, with women being compared. BMI, GCS score, NRS-2002, exposed duration and temperature are continuous variables. Diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive disease, chronic cardiac insufficiency, abnormal white cell count, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio and hemoglobin are categorical variable. BMI: Body mass index; GCS score: Glasgow coma scale score; NRS-2002 score: Nutrition risk screening-2002 score; OR: Odds ratio; PF ratio: PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio; HB: Hemoglobin.