Published online Aug 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.10062
Revised: March 12, 2014
Accepted: April 30, 2014
Published online: August 7, 2014
AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear translocation of calcyclin binding protein, also called Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP), in gastric carcinogenesis.
METHODS: The expression of CacyBP/SIP protein in gastric cancer cell lines was detected by Western blot. Immunofluorescence experiments were performed on gastric cancer cell lines that had been either unstimulated or stimulated with gastrin. To confirm the immunofluorescence findings, the relative abundance of CacyBP/SIP in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments was assessed by Western blot. The effect of nuclear translocation of CacyBP/SIP on cell proliferation was examined using MTT assay. The colony formation assay was used to measure clonogenic cell survival. The effect of CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation on cell cycle progression was investigated. Two CacyBP/SIP-specific siRNA vectors were designed and constructed to inhibit CacyBP/SIP expression in order to reduce the nuclear translocation of CacyBP/SIP, and the expression of CacyBP/SIP in stably transfected cells was determined by Western blot. The effect of inhibiting CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation on cell proliferation was then assessed.
RESULTS: CacyBP/SIP protein was present in most of gastric cancer cell lines. In unstimulated cells, CacyBP/SIP was distributed throughout the cytoplasm; while in stimulated cells, CacyBP/SIP was found mainly in the perinuclear region. CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation generated a growth-stimulatory effect on cells. The number of colonies in the CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The percentage of stimulated cells in G1 phase was significantly lower than that of control cells (69.70% ± 0.46% and 65.80% ± 0.60%, control cells and gastrin-treated SGC7901 cells, P = 0.008; 72.99% ± 0.46% and 69.36% ± 0.51%, control cells and gastrin-treated MKN45 cells, P = 0.022). CacyBP/SIPsi1 effectively down-regulated the expression of CacyBP/SIP, and cells stably transfected by CacyBP/SIPsi1 were then chosen for further cellular assays. In CacyBP/SIPsi1 stably transfected cells, CacyBP/SIP was shown to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm, irregardless of whether they were stimulated or not. After CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation was reduced, there had no major effect on cell proliferation, as shown by MTT assay. There had no enhanced anchorage-dependent growth upon stimulation, as indicated by colony formation in flat plates. No changes appeared in the percentage of cells in G0-G1 phase in either cell line (71.09% ± 0.16% and 70.86% ± 0.25%, control cells and gastrin-treated SGC7901-CacyBP/SIPsi1 cells, P = 0.101; 74.17% ± 1.04% and 73.07% ± 1.00%, control cells and gastrin-treated MKN45-CacyBP/SIPsi1 cells, P = 0.225).
CONCLUSION: CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation promotes the proliferation and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer cells.
Core tip: Calcyclin binding protein, also called Siah-1 interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP), is a component of the ubiquitination pathway. It can translocate to the cell nucleus. In colon cancer cells, it was found that gastrin, epidermal growth factor, prostaglandin E2 and hypoxia can induce CacyBP/SIP nuclear translocation. Our previous study found that CacyBP/SIP-positive staining was observed in the cytoplasm and nuclei of some cancer cells in gastric cancer tissues. Thus, there is considerable interest in determining whether CacyBP/SIP can translocate into the nucleus or not in gastric cancer cells, and whether nuclear translocation of CacyBP/SIP mediates the proliferation of gastric cancer cells.