Artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer: Recent advances and future directions

Table 1 The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology[6,7]

Diagnostic category	Malignancy risk, %	Usual management
Nondiagnostic	5-10	Repeat FNAC with US guidance
Benign	0-3	Clinical and US follow-up
AUS/SFN	10-30	Repeat FNAC, molecular testing or lobectomy
FN/SFN	25-40	Molecular testing or lobectomy
SM	50-75	Near-total thyroidectomy or lobectomy
Malignant	97-99	Near-total thyroidectomy or lobectomy

The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology IV also includes FNHCT/SFNHCT: Follicular neoplasm Hurthle cell type/suspicious for follicular neoplasm Hurthle cell type and NIFTP: Non-invasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features. AUS/FLUS: Atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance; FNAC: Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology; FN/SFN: Follicular neoplasms or suspicious of follicular neoplasm; SM: Suspicious for malignancy; US: Ultrasound.