Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study: Highlights on gestational diabetes, self-management and primary health care

Table 1 Proposed gestational diabetes risk assessment and screening sheet

SN	Assessment stage	Factor	Yes	No
1	Initial routine data	Age > 35 yr
2		Overweight1 (BMI > 25)
3		Hypertension
4		Sedentary lifestyle2
5		Family history of diabetes
6	Previous history	GDM
7		Miscarriage
8		Foetal/neonatal death
9		Polycystic ovary syndrome
10	Antenatal monitoring	Presentation of GDM symptoms
11		Excess gestational weight gain3
12		Foetal growth
13		Macrosomia
14	Lab tests5	Urinalysis for glucosuria
15		Blood sugar test4

Keys to positive risk factors for ‘Yes’ response.

¹Especially obesity (body mass index > 30), which also defines nutritional status.

²Activities of daily living being non-physical and/or mainly sitting position.

³> 1.80 kg in first trimester and/or > 0.45 kg per week during the rest of pregnancy.

⁴Interpret according to method.

⁵For antenatal GDM screening.

GDM: Gestational diabetes.

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of respondents

		Male	Female
	n	27	21
	Age in yr	59	55
Educational status	≤ Secondary school	19	14
	≥ Tertiary education	8	7
Marital status	Married	23	10
	Single	4	11

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of patients entered in a gestational diabetes screening register

	Age in yr	Gestational age in wk	Gravida1
Mean	28.57	23.01	2.60
Standard error	0.30	0.41	0.08
Median	28.00	23.00	2.00
Mode	25.00	24.00	1.00
Standard deviation	5.91	7.33	1.63
Sample variance	34.97	53.72	2.67
Range	31	35	9
Minimum	15	4	1
Maximum	46	39	10
Count	391	324	377

¹Number of times a woman has been pregnant.

Table 4 Level of incompleteness of data

Missing data	n/391	Absolute Hz	Relative Hz
Address	1	0.2558	0.0760
Rh factor	6	1.5345	0.4563
HVS, 2/385 positive	6	1.5345	0.4563
Urine glucose	6	1.5345	0.4563
ABO	8	2.0460	0.6084
Marital status	12	3.0691	0.9125
Weight in kg	14	3.5806	1.0646
SBP in mmHg	14	3.5806	1.0646
DBP in mmHg	14	3.5806	1.0646
Gravida	14	3.5806	1.0646
Packed cell volume, %	15	3.8363	1.1407
Phone number	60	15.3453	4.5627
Gestational age in wk	67	17.1355	5.0951
Occupation	92	23.5294	6.9962
Height in cm	301	76.9821	22.8897
BMI	301	76.9821	22.8897
Blood sugar, as FBS or RBS	386	98.7212	29.3536

ABO: Blood grouping system; BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FBS: Fasting blood sugar; HVS: High vaginal swab; RBS: Random blood sugar; SBP: Systolic blood pressure.

Table 5 Responses to exercise abilities, n = 48

Duration	Stretching	Walking	Swimming	Bicycling
None	28	15	41	24
< 30 min	11	10	2	6
30 min–1 h	4	13	3	7
1–3 h	2	6	2	4
> 3 h	3	4	0	7