Effect of institutional volume on laparoscopic cholecystectomy outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics and results of included studies

Ref.	Publication	Study duration	Design	Total LC	Average annual	Mortality	Percentage	Conversion to open	Percentage	Bile leak	Percentage bile	Bile duct injury	Percentage bile
	year	in months		number	LC number	incidence	mortality rate (%)	surgery incidence	conversion rate (%)	incidence	leak rate (%)	incidence	duct injury rate (%)
Szego et al[14]	1991	6	Retrospective	31	62.00	0	0.00	2	6.45	0	0	0	0
Bailey et al[15]	1991	16	Prospective	375	281.25	1	0.27	20	5.33	1	0.27	1	0
Peters et al[16]	1991	6	Prospective	100	200.00	0	0.00	4	4.00	2	2	1	1
Rees et al[17]	1992	12	Retrospective	155	155.00	N/A	N/A	8	5.16	2	1.29	1	1
Huang et al[18]	1992	11	Retrospective	200	218.18	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	0.5	1	1
Davis et al[19]	1992	24	Retrospective	622	311.00	N/A	N/A	26	4.18	N/A	N/A	1	0
Fielding et al[20]	1992	12	Retrospective	220	220.00	N/A	N/A	8	3.64	2	0.91	N/A	N/A
Soper et al[21]	1992	21	Prospective	600	342.80	0	0.00	18	3.00	N/A	N/A	1	0
Périssat et al[22]	1992	32	Retrospective	700	262.50	1	0.14	41	5.86	N/A	N/A	3	0
Troidl et al[23]	1992	14.5	Prospective	400	331.00	2	0.50	20	5.00	3	0.75	N/A	N/A
Rubio et al[24]	1993	31	Retrospective	500	193.55	N/A	N/A	4	0.80	1	0.2	1	0
Huang et al[25]	1993	18	Retrospective	350	233.33	0	0.00	6	1.71	4	1.14	1	0
Cox et al[26]	1994	24	Prospective	410	205.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	0
Williams et al[27]	1994	27	Retrospective	600	266.67	1	0.17	24	4.00	N/A	N/A	3	1
Cappuccino et al[28]	1994	14	Retrospective	563	482.57	0	0.00	5	0.89	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Bonatsos et al[29]	1995	41	Retrospective	1788	523.32	0	0.00	45	2.52	19	1.06	0	0
Newman et al[30]	1995	36	Retrospective	1525	508.33	4	0.26	34	2.23	0	0	0	0
Chen et al[31]	1996	42	Retrospective	2428	693.71	1	0.04	N/A	N/A	1	0.04	4	0
Bond et al[32]	1996	36	Retrospective	534	178.00	2	0.37	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sartori et al[33]	1996	14	Retrospective	322	276.00	0	0.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rather et al[34]	1997	24	Retrospective	340	170.00	0	0.00	26	7.65	6	1.76	2	1
Jan et al[35]	1997	60	Retrospective	1115	223.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	4	0.36	3	0
Ahmad et al[36]	1997	45	Retrospective	1300	346.67	0	0.00	40	3.08	6	0.46	0	0
Kok et al[37]	1998	58	Prospective	220	45.52	1	0.45	9	4.09	N/A	N/A	1	0
Targarona et al[38]	1998	61	Retrospective	1630	320.66	N/A	N/A	109	6.69	N/A	N/A	16	1
Kurauchi et al[39]	1998	32	Retrospective	1408	528.00	1	0.07	89	6.32	N/A	N/A	9	1
Jones-Monahan et al[40]	1998	60	Retrospective	2654	530.80	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	0.04	6	0
Matthews et al[41]	1999	53	Retrospective	1025	232.08	3	0.29	27	2.63	2	0.2	1	0
Calvete et al[42]	2000	72	Prospective	784	130.67	0	0.00	4	0.51	4	0.51	7	1
Patel et al[43]	2000	38	Prospective	135	42.63	0	0.00	7	5.19	2	1.48	N/A	N/A
Sikora et al[44]	2001	72	Retrospective	1200	200.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	16	1
Lichten et al[45]	2001	12	Retrospective	300	300.00	N/A	N/A	17	5.67	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Miroshnik et al[46]	2002	110	Retrospective	1216	132.65	N/A	N/A	90	7.40	7	0.58	1	0
Hasaniah et al[47]	2002	84	Retrospective	2750	392.86	0	0.00	127	4.62	11	0.4	3	0
Fathy et al[48]	2003	93	Retrospective	2000	258.06	N/A	N/A	147	7.35	11	0.55	7	0
Duca et al[49]	2003	108	Retrospective	9542	1060.22	10	0.10	184	1.93	54	0.57	17	0
Mahatharadol et al[50]	2004	116	Retrospective	1522	157.45	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	9	1
Daradkeh et al[51]	2005	108	Retrospective	1208	134.22	0	0.00	32	2.65	N/A	N/A	0	0
Diamantis et al[52]	2005	132	Retrospective	2079	189.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	13	1
Söderlund et al[53]	2005	50	Prospective	1568	376.32	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	23	1.47	24	2
Baird[54]	2005	16	Prospective	782	586.50	1	0.13	18	2.30	N/A	N/A	0	0
Vagenas et al[55]	2006	156	Retrospective	1220	93.85	0	0.00	23	1.89	3	0.25	2	0
Tan et al[56]	2006	9	Prospective	202	269.33	N/A	N/A	14	6.93	3	1.49	1	0
Mufti et al[57]	2007	12	Retrospective	60	60.00	0	0.00	3	5.00	1	1.67	0	0
Brekalo et al[58]	2007	120	Retrospective	952	95.20	1	0.11	32	3.36	N/A	N/A	0	0
Marakis et al[59]	2007	144	Retrospective	1225	102.08	N/A	N/A	91	7.43	1	0.08	2	0
Herve et al[60]	2007	120	Retrospective	1255	125.50	3	0.24	25	1.99	N/A	N/A	12	1
Brekalo et al[58]	2007	120	Retrospective	1066	106.60	1	0.09	N/A	N/A	43	4.03	3	0
Shrestha et al[61]	2007	21	Prospective	140	80.00	N/A	N/A	13	9.29	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Tantia et al[62]	2008	156	Retrospective	13305	1023.46	0	0.00	8	0.06	10	0.08	52	0
Priego et al[63]	2009	204	Retrospective	3933	231.35	5	0.13	331	8.42	17	0.43	13	0
Avgerinos et al[64]	2009	72	Prospective	1046	174.33	N/A	N/A	27	2.58	5	0.48	0	0
Clegg-Lamptey et al[65]	2010	24	Prospective	52	26.00	0	0.00	1	1.92	1	1.92	0	0
Al-Kubati et al[66]	2010	48	Retrospective	336	84.00	0	0.00	43	12.80	3	0.89	2	1
Ying et al[67]	2010	144	Retrospective	2400	200.00	2	0.08	11	0.46	7	0.29	3	0
Zha et al[68]	2010	156	Prospective	13000	1000.00	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	11	0
Wichmann et al[69]	2010	18	Prospective	140	93.33	N/A	N/A	11	7.86	3	2.14	N/A	N/A
Wichmann et al[69]	2010	18	Prospective	219	146.00	N/A	N/A	18	8.22	2	0.91	N/A	N/A
Kanakala et al[70]	2011	120	Retrospective	2117	211.70	10	0.47	133	6.28	31	1.46	7	0
Al-Mulhim et al[71]	2011	36	Prospective	968	322.67	N/A	N/A	5	0.52	3	0.31	N/A	N/A
Halilovic et al[72]	2011	12	Prospective	293	293.00	1	0.34	8	2.73	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hasbahceci et al[73]	2012	129	Retrospective	1557	144.84	2	0.13	39	2.50	10	0.64	4	0
Bekele et al[74]	2012	60	Retrospective	681	136.20	1	0.15	20	2.94	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Le et al[75]	2012	24	Retrospective	3371	1685.50	N/A	N/A	86	2.55	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Afuwape et al[76]	2012	20	Retrospective	13	7.80	0	0.00	1	7.69	N/A	N/A	1	8
Grbas et al[77]	2013	202	Retrospective	10317	612.89	2	0.02	220	2.13	52	0.5	25	0
Sultan et al[78]	2013	120	Retrospective	4434	443.40	N/A	N/A	234	5.28	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Pulvirenti et al[79]	2013	120	Retrospective	882	88.20	N/A	N/A	51	5.78	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Dip et al[80]	2014	5	Prospective	43	103.20	0	0.00	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	0
Comajuncosas et al[81]	2014	12	Prospective	276	276.00	N/A	N/A	26	9.42	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Paajanen et al[82]	2014	204	Retrospective	1895	111.47	2	0.11	126	6.65	14	0.74	2	0
Alvarez et al[83]	2014	248	Retrospective	11423	552.73	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	5	0.04	20	0.18
Afaneh et al[84]	2014	44	Retrospective	1382	376.91	N/A	N/A	44	3.18	N/A	N/A	2	0.14

LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; N/A: Not available.