Efficacy of bright light therapy for perinatal depression: A meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Essential features of the included research

Ref.	Location	Population		Age (years), mean ± SD	T/C (n)
Bais et al[18], 2020	Netherlands	Pregnant	DSM-V	T: 31.9 ± 4.4	33/34
				C: 31.9 ± 5.3
Corral et al[20], 2007	Spain	Postnatal	DSM-IV; SIGH-SAD ≥ 15	T: 34.6 ± 4.0	5/10
				C: 33.6 ± 2.1
Donmez et al[19], 2022	Marmara	Perinatal	DSM-V; EPDS ≥ 12	T: 29.73 ± 6.57	12/11
				C: 28 ± 3.8
Epperson et al[21], 2004	United States	Pregnant	DSM-IV; SIGH-SAD ≥ 20	T: 32.1 ± 3.9	5/5
				C: 32.1 ± 3.9
Garbazza et al[22], 2022	Multicenter	Perinatal	EPDS ≥ 12	T: 33	11/11
				C: 32
Wirz-Justice et al[23], 2011	Italy and Switzerland	Pregnant	DSM-IV; EPDS ≥ 10	T: 31 ± 4.7	16/11
				C: 32.7 ± 5.4

T: Treatment group; C: Control group; DSM: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition; SIGH-SAD: Structured interview guide for the Hamilton depression rating scale; EPDS: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale.

Table 2 Essential features of the included research

Ref.	Test group	Control group	Duration	Main evaluation scales
Bais et al[18]	9000 Lux	100 Lux	30 minutes/day, 6 weeks	EPDS; HAMD
Corral et al[20]	10000 Lux	600 Lux	30 minutes/day, 6 weeks	EPDS; SIGH-SAD
Donmez et al[19]	10000 Lux	< 500 Lux	45 minutes/day, 3 weeks	EPDS; HAMD; SIGH-SAD
Epperson et al[21]	7000 Lux	500 Lux	60 minutes/day, 5 weeks	EPDS; HAMD; SIGH-SAD
Garbazza et al[22]	10000 Lux	19 Lux	30 minutes/day, 6 weeks	EPDS
Wirz-Justice et al[23]	7000 Lux	70 Lux	60 minutes/day, 5 weeks	SIGH-SAD; HAMD

EPDS: Edinburgh postnatal depression scale; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; SIGH-SAD: Structured interview guide for the Hamilton depression rating scale.