Effects of dexmedetomidine on cardioprotection and other postoperative complications in elderly patients after cardiac and non-cardiac surgerie

Table 1 Study characteristics

Ref.	No. of patients in study		DEX dose		Surgical procedure	Anesthesia	Outcome parameters
	DEX	Control	Loading dose (μg.kg-1)	Infusion rate (μg.kg-1.hr-1)
Aouad et al[26], 2019	48	50	1	N/A	Elective surgery	GA	Hypotension; HR
Cheng et al[25], 2016	222	283	N/A	0.24-0.6	Cardiac Surgery	GA	Delirium; MI; Mortality; Stroke
Chi et al[21], 2016	34	33	1	0.6	Off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery	GA	Hypertension; ICU time
Elgebaly et al[8], 2020	30	30	N/A	0.4	Open-heart surgery	GA	HR; cTnI; ET; Length of ICU stay
Ji  et al[3], 2013	568	566	N/A	0.24-0.6	CABG or valve surgery or CABG or valve surgery combined with other procedures. patients excluded were those undergoing emergency surgery, off-pump or robotic surgery, surgery requiring deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, or surgery involving the thoracic aorta	GA	Delirium; Mortality stroke; MI
Lee et al[18], 2016	20	20	1	0.5	Orthopedic surgery in supine position	GA	HR; Hypertension
Lee et al[2], 2018	95	109	1	0.2-0.7	Laparoscopic major non-cardiac surgery	GA	Incidence of delirium
Li et al[20], 2020	309	310	0.6	0.5	Major non-cardiac surgery	GA	Delirium: Length of ICU stay (h)
Ríha et al[11], 2012	17	21	1	0.5-1.5	Elective CABG procedures with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass to treat coronary artery disease	GA	Length of ICU stay; MI; ET
Shen et al[1], 2017	30	30	0.5	0.5	Coronary heart disease and underwent gastric cancer operation	GA	Hypotension; cTnI; MI; Bradycardia
Shokri et al[7], 2020	144	142	N/A	0.7-1.2	Coronary artery bypass grafting	GA	Delirium; Hypotension; HR; Bradycardia; ET; Mortality
Soliman et al[27], 2016	75	75	1	0.3	Aortic vascular surgery	GA	Hypertension; HR; MI; Bradycardia; Mortality
Sun et al[5], 2019	281	276	N/A	0.1	Major elective noncardiac surgery	GA	Delirium; Hypotension; Hypertension; Mortality
Tosun et al[12], 2013	18	20	0.5	0.5	Coronary artery bypass graft surgery	GA	HR
Turan et al[15], 2020	398	396	0.1	0.2	Cardiac surgery	GA	Hypotension; MI; Bradycardia; mortality; ICU time; Stroke
Zhang et al[16], 2020	120	120	0.5	0.3	Hip Fracture Operation	GA	Delirium; Hypotension; Hypertension; Bradycardia
Zhou et al[22], 2019	14	14	0.5	0.5	Valve replacement surgery	GA	cTnI
Zhou et al[14], 2019	53	47	N/A	0.2-0.7	Cardiac surgery	GA	HR; ET; cTnI

CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; cTnI: Cardiac troponin I; ET: Extubation time; N/A: Not applicable; DEX: Dexmedetomidine; GA: General Anesthesia; MI: Myocardial infarction; ICU: Intensive care unit.