Preventing pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections with probiotics: A meta-analysis

Figure 1 Flow chart of included and excluded trials for pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections. AAD: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea; CDI: Clostridium difficile infections.

Figure 2 Forest plot of 23 probiotic treatment arms for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic associated diarrhea.

Figure 3 Forest plot of 5 probiotic treatment arms for the prevention of pediatric Clostridium difficile disease.

Figure 4 Funnel plot for publication bias assessment from 22 clinical trials for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic associated diarrhea.

Figure 5 Meta-analysis of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea by high dose (1010 cfu/d) compared to lower doses of daily probiotics given (colony forming units).

Figure 6 Frequency of study quality based on six different types of potential bias. Low quality: 0%-50% quality items within category not present; Moderate quality: 51%-75% items not present; High quality: 76%-100% items present.