Effect of low level laser therapy on dental pulp during orthodontic movement

Table 1 Soft tissue response

Histological findings	G1	G2	G3	G4
Necrosis	0	0	1	1
	0	0	0	0
Central angiogenesis	1	_	1	_
Peripheral angiogenesis	1	1	_	1
Central and peripheral	_	3	1	2
Vascular density	1	1	1	2
	1	1	2	2
Nerve density	1	1	NC	1
	1	2	NC	NC
Calcifications	2	0	1	1
	2	1	3	3
False denticles	1	1	0	0
Real denticles	1	1	1	0

0: Absent; 1: Low; 2: Moderate; 3: Severe; NC: Not changed.

Table 2 Connective tissue histological findings

Staining	G1	G2	G3	G4
Hematoxylin-eosin	1	1	1	2
	1	2	3	2
Masson’s Trichrome method	2	1	1	2
	2	1	2	2
Gomori’s method for reticulum	2	1	1	2
	2	2	2	2

0: Absent; 1: Low; 2: Moderate; 3: Severe.

Table 3 Hard tissue (dentin and predentin) response

Histological findings	G1	G2	G3	G4
Sclerosis of dentin	2	1	1	1
	0	0	0	0
Secondary dentin	2	2	0	0
	0	0	0	0
Necrosis in dentin	0	0	1	1
	0	0	0	0
Focal dentin lost	2	0	0	0
	0	0	0	0
Focal predentin lost	2	2	1	1
	0	0	0	0
Irregularities in odontoblast layer	1	2	1	1
	1	3	1	1
Thickening of odontoblasts	1	2	3	2
	1	3	1	0
Odontoblast vacuolization	1	2	1	1
	2	2	2	2
Reduction of Weil zone	1	2	1	3
	1	2	3	3
Cell-rich zone	1	2	1	2
	1	2	3	2

0: Absent; 1: Low; 2: Moderate; 3: Severe.