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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Methodol. Mar 20, 2025; 15(1): 97512
Published online Mar 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.97512
Published online Mar 20, 2025. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.97512
Table 1 Gender-stratified comparative analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of Barrett's esophagus patients, n (%)
| Males | Females | P value | |
| Total patients | 717439 (59.6) | 486751 (40.4) | |
| Mean age (years) | 66.6 ± 0.3 | 67.1 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| Age groups (years) | < 0.001 | ||
| 18-34 | 14504 (2.0) | 12191 (2.5) | |
| 35-49 | 77463 (10.8) | 56421 (11.6) | |
| 50-64 | 262752 (36.6) | 167052 (34.3) | |
| 65-79 | 336496 (46.9) | 227662 (46.8) | |
| ≥ 80 | 26524 (3.7) | 23425 (4.8) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | ||
| White | 649806 (90.6) | 440110 (90.4) | |
| Black | 24510 (3.4) | 18551 (3.8) | |
| Hispanic | 35231 (4.9) | 22276 (4.6) | |
| Asian/Native American | 7892 (1.1) | 5815 (1.2) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | < 0.001 | ||
| 0 | 169348 (23.6) | 129794 (26.7) | |
| 1 | 151256 (21.1) | 128760 (26.4) | |
| 2 | 132933 (18.5) | 85975 (17.7) | |
| ≥ 3 | 263902 (36.8) | 142222 (29.2) | |
| Hospital region | < 0.001 | ||
| Northeast | 159271 (22.2) | 119644 (24.6) | |
| Midwest | 207339 (28.9) | 140049 (28.8) | |
| South | 224560 (31.3) | 151918 (31.2) | |
| West | 126269 (17.6) | 75140 (15.4) | |
| Hospital location and teaching status | < 0.001 | ||
| Rural | 67439 (9.4) | 47346 (9.7) | |
| Urban nonteaching | 220254 (30.7) | 157188 (32.3) | |
| Urban teaching | 429746 (59.9) | 282217 (58.0) | |
| Primary payer | 0.27 | ||
| Medicare | 459878 (64.1) | 329593 (67.7) | |
| Medicaid | 60264 (8.4) | 39804 (8.2) | |
| Private | 177210 (24.7) | 106659 (21.9) | |
| Other | 20087 (2.8) | 10695 (2.2) | |
| Median household income (quartile) | 0.075 | ||
| 1st (0-25th) | 158557 (22.1) | 107916 (22.2) | |
| 2nd (26th -50th) | 189403 (26.4) | 130652 (26.8) | |
| 3rd (51st -75th) | 188685 (26.3) | 128664 (26.4) | |
| 4th (76th -100th) | 180794 (25.2) | 119519 (24.6) | |
| Obesity | 90172 (12.6) | 84844 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 256152 (35.7) | 100630 (20.8) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 81405 (11.3) | 20609 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
| Helicobacter pylori | 3944 (0.5) | 2124 (0.4) | 0.0002 |
| Diabetes | 132826 (18.5) | 83322 (17.1) | < 0.001 |
| Esophageal adenocarcinoma | 11733 (1.6) | 2544 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
Table 2 Trend analysis among female patients with Barrett’s esophagus, n (%)
| Variables | Years | P values | ||||||||||
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | ||
| Mean age (years) | 66.4 ± 0.7 | 66.5 ± 0.5 | 66.9 ± 0.4 | 67.1 ± 0.2 | 66.9 ± 0.4 | 67.0 ± 0.8 | 66.9 ± 0.9 | 67.3 ± 0.8 | 67.2 ± 0.9 | 67.8 ± 1.9 | 68.0 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Age groups (years) | < 0.001 | |||||||||||
| 18-34 | 1168 (3.2) | 1114 (2.9) | 1351 (3.1) | 1174 (2.8) | 948 (2.2) | 1462 (3.2) | 709 (1.9) | 865 (1.8) | 1021 (2.1) | 1223 (2.4) | 1156 (2.2) | |
| 35-49 | 5514 (15.1) | 5685 (14.8) | 5360 (12.3) | 5069 (12.1) | 4695 (10.9) | 5301 (11.6) | 4175 (11.2) | 4710 (9.8) | 5297 (10.9) | 5148 (10.1) | 5467 (10.4) | |
| 50-64 | 12745 (34.9) | 13292 (34.6) | 15779 (36.2) | 14956 (35.7) | 15547 (36.1) | 15766 (34.5) | 13382 (35.9) | 16438 (34.2) | 15989 (32.9) | 16463 (32.3) | 16695 (31.7) | |
| 65-79 | 15629 (42.8) | 16288 (42.4) | 18872 (43.3) | 18516 (44.2) | 19726 (45.8) | 20976 (45.9) | 17185 (46.1) | 23599 (49.1) | 23958 (49.3) | 25841 (50.7) | 27072 (51.4) | |
| ≥ 80 | 1462 (4.0) | 2036 (5.3) | 2223 (5.1) | 2178 (5.2) | 2153 (5.0) | 2194 (4.8) | 1827 (4.9) | 2451 (5.1) | 2333 (4.8) | 2293 (4.5) | 2275 (4.3) | |
| Race | 0.61 | |||||||||||
| White | 33194 (90.9) | 34689 (90.3) | 39009 (89.5) | 37787 (90.2) | 39020 (90.6) | 40992 (89.7) | 33699 (90.4) | 43785 (91.1) | 43884 (90.3) | 46126 (90.5) | 47925 (91.0) | |
| Black | 1023 (2.8) | 1613 (4.2) | 1700 (3.9) | 1718 (4.1) | 1852 (4.3) | 1828 (4.0) | 1417 (3.8) | 1730 (3.6) | 1993 (4.1) | 1886 (3.7) | 1791 (3.4) | |
| Hispanic | 1899 (5.2) | 1652 (4.3) | 2397 (5.5) | 1843 (4.4) | 1766 (4.1) | 2376 (5.2) | 1715 (4.6) | 1923 (4.0) | 2041 (4.2) | 2294 (4.5) | 2370 (4.5) | |
| Asian/Native American | 402 (1.1) | 461 (1.2) | 479 (1.1) | 545 (1.3) | 431 (1.0) | 503 (1.1) | 447 (1.2) | 625 (1.3) | 680 (1.4) | 663 (1.3) | 579 (1.1) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | < 0.001 | |||||||||||
| 0 | 12562 (34.4) | 11947 (31.1) | 12771 (29.3) | 12526 (29.9) | 12146 (28.2) | 13390 (29.3) | 10028 (26.9) | 11103 (23.1) | 10983 (22.6) | 10857 (21.3) | 11481 (21.8) | |
| 1 | 10078 (27.6) | 10833 (28.2) | 11942 (27.4) | 11353 (27.1) | 12016 (27.9) | 11470 (25.1) | 9804 (26.3) | 12689 (26.4) | 12198 (25.1) | 12895 (25.3) | 13482 (25.6) | |
| 2 | 6318 (17.3) | 7107 (18.5) | 7932 (18.2) | 7164 (17.1) | 7795 (18.1) | 7952 (17.4) | 6598 (17.7) | 8603 (17.9) | 8797 (18.1) | 9072 (17.8) | 8637 (16.4) | |
| ≥ 3 | 7560 (20.7) | 8528 (22.2) | 10940 (25.1) | 10850 (25.9) | 11112 (25.8) | 12887 (28.2) | 10848 (29.1) | 15668 (32.6) | 16620 (34.2) | 18144 (35.6) | 19065 (36.2) | |
| Hospital region | 0.99 | |||||||||||
| Northeast | 8691 (23.8) | 8490 (22.1) | 10591 (24.3) | 10415 (24.9) | 10810 (25.1) | 11289 (24.7) | 9394 (25.2) | 12256 (25.5) | 12101 (24.9) | 12283 (24.1) | 13324 (25.3) | |
| Midwest | 11174 (30.6) | 11448 (29.8) | 12727 (29.2) | 11968 (28.6) | 11931 (27.7) | 12841 (28.1) | 10587 (28.4) | 13362 (27.8) | 13802 (28.4) | 14883 (29.2) | 15326 (29.1) | |
| South | 11466 (31.4) | 12407 (32.3) | 14339 (32.9) | 13060 (31.2) | 13265 (30.8) | 14349 (31.4) | 11370 (30.5) | 14995 (31.2) | 15114 (31.1) | 15596 (30.6) | 15957 (30.3) | |
| West | 5187 (14.2) | 6070 (15.8) | 5928 (13.6) | 6450 (15.4) | 7063 (16.4) | 7220 (15.8) | 5927 (15.9) | 7450 (15.5) | 7581 (15.6) | 8206 (16.1) | 8058 (15.3) | |
| Hospital location and teaching status | < 0.001 | |||||||||||
| Rural | 3944 (10.8) | 4302 (11.2) | 5187 (11.9) | 5069 (12.1) | 4479 (10.4) | 4250 (9.3) | 3020 (8.1) | 4614 (9.6) | 3985 (8.2) | 4230 (8.3) | 4266 (8.1) | |
| Urban nonteaching | 17090 (46.8) | 18324 (47.7) | 19308 (44.3) | 16925 (40.4) | 17874 (41.5) | 12476 (27.3) | 10885 (29.2) | 12593 (26.2) | 11518 (23.7) | 10347 (20.3) | 9848 (18.7) | |
| Urban teaching | 15484 (42.4) | 15789 (41.1) | 19090 (43.8) | 19899 (47.5) | 20716 (48.1) | 28973 (63.4) | 23373 (62.7) | 30856 (64.2) | 33095 (68.1) | 36391 (71.4) | 38551 (73.2) | |
| Primary payer | < 0.001 | |||||||||||
| Medicare | 22897 (62.7) | 24278 (63.2) | 28809 (66.1) | 28026 (66.9) | 29416 (68.3) | 30846 (67.5) | 25424 (68.2) | 33356 (69.4) | 33581 (69.1) | 35779 (70.2) | 37181 (70.6) | |
| Medicaid | 2301 (6.3) | 3112 (8.1) | 3574 (8.2) | 3142 (7.5) | 3187 (7.4) | 3747 (8.2) | 3131 (8.4) | 4566 (9.5) | 4179 (8.6) | 4230 (8.3) | 4635 (8.8) | |
| Private | 10444 (28.6) | 10180 (26.5) | 10068 (23.1) | 9677 (23.1) | 9303 (21.6) | 10054 (22.0) | 7940 (21.3) | 9516 (19.8) | 10108 (20.8) | 9837 (19.3) | 9532 (18.1) | |
| Other | 876 (2.4) | 845 (2.2) | 1134 (2.6) | 1048 (2.5) | 1163 (2.7) | 1052 (2.3) | 782 (2.1) | 625 (1.3) | 730 (1.5) | 1121 (2.2) | 1317 (2.5) | |
| Median household income | 0.51 | |||||||||||
| 1st (0-25th) | 7486 (20.5) | 8605 (22.4) | 10068 (23.1) | 9300 (22.2) | 9475 (22.0) | 10374 (22.7) | 8648 (23.2) | 10718 (22.3) | 10740 (22.1) | 10652 (20.9) | 11850 (22.5) | |
| 2nd (26th -50th) | 9130 (25.0) | 9911 (25.8) | 11288 (25.9) | 11227 (26.8) | 11672 (27.1) | 12933 (28.3) | 9879 (26.5) | 12593 (26.2) | 13267 (27.3) | 14322 (28.1) | 14430 (27.4) | |
| 3rd (51st -75th) | 9969 (27.3) | 10410 (27.1) | 11681 (26.8) | 10851 (25.9) | 11801 (27.4) | 11379 (24.9) | 9320 (25.0) | 13025 (27.1) | 12684 (26.1) | 14220 (27.9) | 13324 (25.3) | |
| 4th (76th -100th) | 9933 (27.2) | 9489 (24.7) | 10548 (24.2) | 10515 (25.1) | 10121 (23.5) | 11013 (24.1) | 9431 (25.3) | 11727 (24.4) | 11907 (24.5) | 11774 (23.1) | 13061 (24.8) | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 4477 (12.3) | 4728 (12.3) | 5625 (12.9) | 6030 (14.4) | 7210 (16.7) | 7995 (17.5) | 6874 (18.4) | 9320 (19.4) | 9975 (20.5) | 11055 (21.7) | 11555 (21.9) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 4704 (12.9) | 5464 (14.2) | 6308 (14.5) | 6105 (14.6) | 6045 (14.0) | 6625 (14.5) | 5875 (15.8) | 13240 (27.5) | 14645 (30.1) | 15474 (30.4) | 16145 (30.7) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 1063 (2.9) | 1243 (3.2) | 1599 (3.7) | 1410 (3.4) | 1570 (3.6) | 1630 (3.6) | 1590 (4.2) | 2600 (5.4) | 2484 (5.1) | 2560 (5.0) | 2860 (5.4) | < 0.001 |
| Helicobacter pylori | 242 (0.7) | 244 (0.6) | 293 (0.7) | 290 (0.7) | 195 (0.5) | 200 (0.4) | 135 (0.4) | 115 (0.2) | 150 (0.3) | 140 (0.3) | 120 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 6541 (17.9) | 7014 (18.3) | 8284 (19.0) | 8195 (19.6) | 8445 (19.6) | 8540 (18.7) | 7315 (19.6) | 8554 (17.8) | 6829 (14.1) | 6715 (13.2) | 6890 (13.1) | < 0.001 |
| Esophageal adenocarcinoma | 341 (0.9) | 250 (0.7) | 348 (0.8) | 240 (0.6) | 330 (0.8) | 320 (0.7) | 300 (0.8) | 115 (0.2) | 115 (0.2) | 110 (0.2) | 75 (0.1) | 0.1 |
- Citation: Fatakhova K, Inayat F, Ali H, Patel P, Rehman AU, Afzal A, Sarfraz M, Sarfraz S, Nawaz G, Chaudhry A, Dhillon R, Dilibe A, Glazebnik B, Jones L, Glazer E. Gender disparities and woman-specific trends in Barrett’s esophagus in the United States: An 11-year nationwide population-based study. World J Methodol 2025; 15(1): 97512
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2222-0682/full/v15/i1/97512.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v15.i1.97512