Systematic Reviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Methodol. Jun 20, 2023; 13(3): 127-141
Published online Jun 20, 2023. doi: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.127
Table 1 Search terms used in the literature search on human immunodeficiency virus self-testing uptake in Nigeria
Search terms
And
And
HIV self-testingAcceptabilityNigeria
HIV regulatoryNigeriaSelf-testing
HIV self-testingPreferenceNigeria
Nigeria HIV uptakeSelf-testing Nigeria
HIV self-testingNigeria treatmentLinkage
Table 2 List of papers reviewed
Ref.
Title
Study population
State of study
Objectives/research question
Study design
Findings
Adebimpe et al[7], 2019How acceptable is the HIV/AIDS self-testing among women attending immunization clinics in Effurun, Southern NigeriaAll women of reproductive age (15-49 year) attending the immunization clinic (for their children) in Ekpan General HospitalDeltaAssess the knowledge and acceptability of HIVST among women of childbearing age attending immunization clinics in Effurun, Southern NigeriaDescriptive cross-sectional studyThe study respondents’ high knowledge levels and acceptability of HIVST lend support to the fact that the procedure should be promoted in the stakeholders’ efforts to improve HIV testing among the general population
Adeoti et al[30], 2021Sexual practices, Risk perception, and HIV Self-Testing acceptability among long-distance truck drivers in Ekiti State, NigeriaAdult male long-distance truck drivers in Ado-Ekiti, Southwestern NigeriaEkitiExamined the sexual practices, risk perception, and HIVST acceptability among long-distance truck drivers in Ekiti State, NigeriaCross-sectional studyMany long-distance drivers were engaged in unsafe sexual practices and were at risk for HIV transmission. Increasing testing using HIVST has the potential to bridge the gap in the diagnosis of HIV among long-distance drivers who are willing to be tested
Brown et al[27], 2015HIVST in Nigeria: Public opinions and perspectivesResearchers, academics, journalists, community advocates, activists, and HIV policymakers and programmers, including those working in the development sectors, enlisted on the new HIV vaccine and microbicide advocacy society listservAll statesObtained perspectives of informed members of the Nigerian public on the use of the HIVSTCross-sectional studyCost-based pricing can be based on and directly tied to current product experiences and information as well as how crucial product monitoring is when pricing a product
Dirisu et al[28], 2020‘I will welcome this one 101%, I will so embrace it’: A qualitative exploration of the feasibility and acceptability of HIV self-testing among MSM in Lagos, NigeriaMSMLagosExplored MSM perceptions of oral HIVST and potential barriers to and facilitators of HIVST use. In addition, it sought to identify operational and contextual issues that might affect the distribution of HIVST kits to MSM in the Nigerian context and the potential for linkage to careQualitative descriptive studyThe potential of HIVST to increase the uptake of HIV testing among MSM in Nigeria was supportive of HIVST. Privacy and convenience offered by HIVST address concerns about stigma and waiting times associated with facility-based testing
Iliyasu et al[15], 2020Acceptability and correlates of HIV self-testing among university students in northern NigeriaUniversity studentsKanoExamine the acceptability of HIVST and identify factors associated with the uptake of HIVST services among university students in Kano, NigeriaCross-sectional studyHTS uptake was low among a sample of university students in northern Nigeria, but most university students were willing to self-test for HIV
Iwelunmor et al[36], 2020The 4 youth by youth HIV self-testing crowdsourcing contest: A qualitative evaluationAll young people between the ages of 10 year to 24 year in NigeriaAll statesDescribe the responses to a crowdsourcing contest aimed at soliciting ideas on promoting HIVST among young people in NigeriaQualitative studyThe study informed the development of innovative youth implementation strategies to increase the uptake of HIVST among adolescents and youth at risk for HIV
Agada et al[5], 2021Reaching out to the hard-to-reach populations with HIV self-testing services in South-south NigeriaGeneral populationCross River and Akwa-IbomAssess the impact of the total market approach deployed in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States in South-south Nigeria to enhance the demand for HIVST to ensure product equity, accessibility, and sustainabilityRetrospective cross-sectional studyThe HIVST model demonstrated the potential to be a vital tool in expanding HIV testing services and linking HIV care services to populations who would otherwise not have been tested
Dirisu et al[34], 2020Exploring the regulatory context for HIV self-testing and PrEP market authorisation and use in NigeriaPPMVs and CPsAbuja, Rivers, Imo, Lagos, and OgunAssess HIVST/PrEP availability and market authorization; determine the facilitators and barriers to access; and identify existing systems that support the availability, appropriate use, affordability, and accessibility in the private sector in NigeriaCross-sectional studyAbout 63% of CPs and 27% of PPMVs sold HIVST kits, while 15% of CPs and no PPMV sold PrEP in their facilities. Most CPs (94%) and 33% of PPMVs who sold HIVST kits reported that their facilities were authorized to sell HIVST kits
Nwaozuru et al[26], 2019Preferences for HIV testing services among young people in NigeriaYouth aged 14–24 yearLagosAssessed preferences for HIV testing options among young people in NigeriaCross-sectional studyHIV testing services was optimized to reach young people in various options to meet their unique preferences
Ong et al[33], 2021Designing HIV Testing and Self-Testing Services for young people in Nigeria: A discrete choice experimentNigerian youth (14-24 year)LagosExamine the strength of Nigerian youth preferences related to HIV testing and HIVSTDiscrete choice experimentsThere could be demand for HIVST for Nigerian youth, who prefer HIVST kits that integrate testing for other STIs and is accessed from community health centres
Obiezu-Umeh et al[32], 2021Young people’s preferences for HIV self-testing services in Nigeria: A qualitative analysisYoung people (14–24 year)LagosUse qualitative methods to examine HIVST preferences among Nigerian youthCross-sectional studyHIVST preferences among Nigerian youth appeared to be influenced by several factors, including lower cost, less invasive testing method, location of testing, and linkage to care and support post-testing. Findings underscored the need to address young people’s HIVST preferences as a foundation for implementing programs and research to increase the uptake of HIVST
Obiezu-Umeh et al[51], 2020Development of HIVST services through youth engagement: A qualitative evaluation of a health designation in NigeriaYoung people (14–24 year)LagosExplore strategies for HIVST delivery developed at a designations contest in NigeriaCross-sectional studyDesignations were a feasible method of facilitating meaningful youth engagement to develop deployable strategies to increase the uptake of HIV testing in young people in Nigeria
Durosinmi-Etti et al[38], 2021Communication needs for improved uptake of PrEP and HIVST services among key populations in Nigeria: A mixed-method studyMSM, FSWs, and key influencers of the KP groups (health providers, peer educators, HIV program officers)Akwa Ibom, Cross River, and LagosIdentify the communication needs and preferences of the KP groups as evidence for developing strategies and interventions to increase awareness and use of HIVST and PrEP services among the KPs in NigeriaCross-sectional studyKPs effectively networked to increase awareness and access to PrEP and HIVST services in Nigeria. They will make the peers receptive to the interventions and help them reach other peers in their network, especially the hard-to-reach
Sekoni et al[37], 2022Operationalizing the distribution of oral HIVST kits to MSM in a highly homophobic environment: the Nigerian experienceMSM and KOLLagosExplore the operationalization of using KOLs to distribute HIVST kits to MSMCross-sectional studyThis study showed the practical steps involved in operationalizing the KOL support system distribution of HIVST that positively influenced the testing experience for the participants irrespective of their HIV status and engagement in care. KOLs were a reliable resource to leverage for ensuring that HIVST kit was utilized, and HIV-positive individuals were linked to treatment and care in homophobic environments
Iwelunmor et al[52], 2022Enhancing HIVST among Nigerian youth: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the 4 youth by youth study using crowdsourced youth-led strategiesYouth (14-24 year)Lagos, Enugu, Ondo, and OyoExamine the feasibility and efficacy of crowdsourced youth-led strategies to enhance HIVST and STI testingQuasi-experimentalThe study provided promising evidence of efficacy that youth-led, crowdsourced strategies led to higher uptake of HIV and STI testing
Tun et al[35], 2018Uptake of HIVST and linkage to treatment among MSM in Nigeria: A pilot programme using key opinion leaders to reach MSMMales (17-59 year)LagosAssess the feasibility, acceptability, uptake of HIVST, and linkage to HIV treatment among MSM through KOLs in Lagos, NigeriaCohort studyHIVST distribution through KOLs was feasible, and oral self-testing was highly acceptable among this urban MSM population. This study showed that linkage to treatment could be achieved with active follow-up and access to a trusted MSM-friendly community clinic that offers HIV treatment. HIVST should be considered an additional option to standard HIV testing models for MSM
Ugwu et al[29], 2020HIVST: Perspectives from primary healthcare workers in Enugu State, Southeast NigeriaHealth workers in the primary health facilitiesEnuguAssess issues surrounding the HIVST from the perspectives of the primary healthcare workers in Enugu StateCross-sectional studyMost of the primary healthcare workers in Enugu State had poor knowledge of HIVST
Iliyasu et al[31], 2022HIVST and repeat testing in pregnancy and postpartum in Northern NigeriaPregnant womenKano Determine the predictors of willingness to self-test for HIV when retesting in pregnancy and postpartum among antenatal clients at a large teaching hospital in Northern NigeriaCross-sectionalThe acceptability of HIVST for repeat testing in pregnancy and postpartum was low, but most respondents desired to be trained to self-test for HIV
Table 3 Target population for the included studies
Population
n
Frequency, %
Young people aged 15-24 yr 526.3
MSM315.8
Key population influencers 210.5
Women of reproductive age 15.3
Long distance drivers 15.3
Professionals115.3
Student at university15.3
General population15.3
PPMV and CP15.3
FSW15.3
Males aged 17-59 yr15.3
Pregnant women 15.3