Modern advances in reducing anxiety and pain associated with cystoscopy: Systematic review

Table 1 Summary of patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics of the music and number of music groups n (%)

Variables	Groups		P value
	Music group	No music group
	(n = 14)	(n = 24)
Age, mean + SD	67.1 + 9.9	65.3 + 10.4	0.9541
Race			0.698
Caucasian	10 (71)	15 (63)
African American	1 (7)	4 (17)
Hispanics	1 (7)	2 (8)
Others	2 (15)	3 (12)
History of bladder carcinoma	10 (71)	3 (1)	0.1488
History of prostate carcinoma	2 (14)	5 (21)	0.3039
History of hematuria	12 (87)	14 (58)	0.2049
Antidepressant or antianxiety medications	4 (29)	6 (25)	0.7092

Table 2 Summary of patients’ peri-procedural vital signs between the music and number of music groups

Variables	Groups		P value
	Music group	No music group
	(n = 14)	(n = 24)
Pre Cystoscopy
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean + SD	135.5 + 17.7	135.5 + 17.9	0.9834
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean + SD	79.4 + 12.9	80.0 + 11.5	0.7908
Hear rate (beat/min), mean + SD	73.5 + 13.3	75.3 + 14.3	0.4405
Post Cystoscopy
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean + SD	139.1 + 22.8	137.2 + 17.3	0.5837
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg, mean + SD	81.8 + 13.0	83.0 + 11.6	0.5717
Hear rate (beat/min), mean + SD	71.3 + 15.6	74.9 + 14.2	0.16