Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Transl Med. Apr 12, 2015; 4(1): 25-37
Published online Apr 12, 2015. doi: 10.5528/wjtm.v4.i1.25
Table 1 Risk stratification of primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor by mitotic index, size and anatomic location[2]
Prognosis of primary GIST
Risk
Size (cm)
Mitotic count (per 50 HPF)
Very low risk< 2< 5
Low risk2-5< 5
Intermediate risk< 56-10
5-10< 5
High risk> 5> 5
> 10> Any mitotic rate
Any tumor> 10
Table 2 Novel agents are being developed for gastrointestinal stromal tumor therapy[10,13,14,21,30,64,67-84]
AgentMolecular targetPhase
Kinase inhibitors
NilotinibKIT, PDGFRs, BCR-ABLI
SorafenibRaf, KIT, PDGFRB, VEGFR, FLT3, RET71%
DasatinibSrc, ABL, KIT, PDGFRsPhase II ongoing in advanced sarcomas and accepting patients
Cediranib (AZD2171)VEGFR, KIT, PDGFRsPhase II ongoing
OSI-930VEGFR, KITPhase II ongoing, not recruiting
Linsitinib (OSI-906 )IGF1RPhase III
Vatalanib (PTK787)VEGFR, KIT, PDGFRs67%
Motesanib (AMG706)VEGFR, KIT, PDGFRs, RET24%-27%
XL820KIT, PDGFRB, VEGFRPhase II ongoing, not recruiting
mTOR and AKT inhibitors
PerifosineAKTPhase II ongoing in combination with imatinib
EverolimusmTOR26%
TemsirolimusmTORPhase II ongoing, closed recruitment
Hsp90 inhibitors
17-AAGHsp90Phase II/III
Ganetespib (STA-9090)Hsp90Phase II
AUY922Hsp90Phase II
AT13387Hsp90Phase II ongoing in combination with imatinib
IPI-504Hsp9078%, phase III ended due to safety concerns
Others
FlavopiridolTranscription inhibitorPhase I ongoing in combination with doxorubicin
Clinical benefit is defined as complete or partial response or stable disease