The role of mycophenolate in the treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Table 1 Mycophenolic acid for induction treatment in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Authors	Yr	Study design	No Pt	Diagnosis	ANCA	Follow-up in mo	Remission rate
Joy et al[6]	2005	Case series	12	WG: 7, MPA: 2, Renal Limited: 2; CS:1	MPO: 3, PR3: 9	12	6/10 - 60%
Koukoulaki et al[12]	2006	Case series	22	N/A	N/A	24	18/22 – 81.8%
Stassen et al[15]	2007	Cohort	32	MPA: 3; WG: 29	MPO: 3; PR3: 29	48	Complete remission: 25/32 - 78%; Partial remission: 6/32 - 19%
Hu et al[7]	2008	Randomized	35	N/A	MPO: 28; PR3: 2	6	Mycophenolate: 77.8% (14/18); CYC: 61.5% (8/13)
Silva et al[16]	2010	Cohort	17	MPA: 17	MPO: 17	18	Remission at 6 mo: 13/17 - 76%; Sustained remission at 18 mo: 12/17 - 70%
Han et al[8]	2011	Randomized	42	N/A	MPO: 42	6	Mycophenolate: 78.9% (14/18); CYC: 63.6% (8/13)
Jones et al[9]	2018	Randomized	140	MPA: 49; GPA: 91	MPO: 53; PR3: 82	18	Mycophenolate: 67% (47/70); CYC:61% (43/70)
Chen et al[17]	2016	Cohort	34	MPA: 34	MPO: 34	86	31/34 - 91.2%

ANCA: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; AZA: Azathioprine; CYC: Cyclophosphamide; MPA: Microscopic polyangiitis; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; No: Number; N/A: Not available; PR3: Proteinase 3; Pt: Patients; WG: Wegener’s granulomatosis.

Table 2 Mycophenolic acid for remission maintenance treatment in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

Authors	Yr	Study design	No Pt	Diagnosis	ANCA	Follow-up in mo	Relapse rate
Nowack et al[10]	1999	Cohort	11	WG: 9; MPA: 2	PR3: 9; MPO: 2		1/11 – 9% time to relapse 14 mo
Langford et al[11]	2004	Cohort	14	WG	cANCA: 13; pANCA: 1	Median 18 (range 1-50)	6/14 - 43% median time to relapse 10 mo
Koukoulaki et al[12]	2006	Case series	29	N/A	N/A	24	14/29 – 48.3%
Stassen et al[15]	2007	Cohort	32	WG: 29; MPA: 3	PR3: 29; MPO: 3	48	Median time to relapse: 16 mo; Relapse free survival 1-yr: 63%, 3-yr: 38%, 5-yr: 27%
Iatrou et al[13]	2009	Cohort	22	MPA: 16; WG: 4, RENAL LIMITED: 1; CSS: 1	MPO: 18; PR3: 4	18	6/19 - 31.58% - median time to relapse 21.5 mo (range 18-60 mo)
Silva et al[16]	2010	Cohort	13	MPA: 13	MPO: 13	18	1/13 – 7.7%
Hiemstra et al[14]	2010	Randomized	156	WG: 90; MPA: 56	MPO: 51; PR3: 90	39	MYCOPHENOLATE GROUP 42/76 - 55% (18 major, 24 minor relapses); AZA 30/80 - 37.5% (10 major, 20 minor relapses)
Draibe et al[18]	2015	Case series	20	N/A	MPO: 18	N/A	3/20 – 16% (time to relapse 18-23 mo)
Chen et al[17]	2016	Cohort	31	MPA: 31	MPO: 31	86	7/31 – 22.6% median time to relapse 43 mo (IQR 10-128 mo)

ANCA: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; AZA: Azathioprine; CYC: Cyclophosphamide; IQR: Interquartile range; MPA: Microscopic polyangiitis; MPO: Myeloperoxidase; CSS: Churg-Strauss syndrome; No: Number; N/A: Not available; PR3: Proteinase 3; Pt: Patients; WG: Wegener’s granulomatosis.