Restless legs syndrome is contributing to fatigue and low quality of life levels in hemodialysis patients

Table 1 Patient’s characteristics presented as pool data and divided in two groups according to restless legs syndrome diagnosis

Variables	Patients pool data	RLS	Non-RLS	P value
n	85	23	62	-
Female/male	54/31	10/13	21/41	0.4141
Age (yr)	67.3 ± 11.4	67.8 ± 9.6	67.1 ± 12.1	0.801
95%CI	64.8 to 69.8	63.6 to 73.0	64.1 to 70.2
Weight (kg)	73.3 ± 15.9	77.3 ± 20.4	72.0 ± 14.1	0.205
95%CI		67.5 to 87.2	68.3 to 75.7
Dialysis shift morning/noon	54/31	4/19	35/27	0.0261
Years in hemodialysis	4.7 ± 5.1	5.2 ± 4.9	4.5 ± 5.2	0.592
95%CI	3.6 to 5.8	3.1 to 7.3	3.2 to 5.9
IRLS score	-	21.8 ± 6.1	-	-
95%CI		19.1 to 24.5
Iron (μg/dL)	44.7 ± 18.2	43.0 ± 16.6	45.4 ± 19.0	0.741
95%CI	38.2 to 51.2	30.2 to 55.7	37.3 to 53.4
Ferritin (ng/mL)	514.4 ± 411.7	443.7 ± 356.5	547.4 ± 441.5	0.567
95%CI	344.4 to 684.3	145.6 to 741.8	320.4 to 774.6
Hct	36.4 ± 5.3	33.9 ± 5.6	37.7 ± 4.9	0.111
95%CI	34.2 to 38.7	29.2 to 38.7	35.1 to 40.3
Hb (g/dL)	11.1 ± 1.5	10.1 ± 1.6	11.4 ± 1.4	0.022
95%CI	10.5 to 11.6	8.9 to 11.3	10.8 to 12.0
Parathormone (pmol/L)	4.9 ± 1.9	4.8 ± 1.7	4.9 ± 2.0	0.97
95%CI	4.2 to 5.5	3.6 to 6.1	4.0 to 5.8
Albumin (g/dL)	3.6 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	3.6 ± 0.3	0.853
95%CI	3.5 to 3.8	3.4 to 3.9	3.5 to 3.8
Diabetes (%)	30 (35.3)	9 (39.1)	21 (33.9)	0.7651
Hypertension (%)	30 (35.3 )	8 (34.8)	22 (35.5)	0.8321

¹For categorical data a χ² test performed. All data are mean ± SD (95%CI). IRLS: International restless legs syndrome severity scale; Hct: Hematocrit; Hb: Hemoglobin.

Table 2 Depression, fatigue, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality data presented as pool data and divided in two groups according to restless legs syndrome diagnosis

Variables	Patients pool data	RLS	Non-RLS	P value
Pittsburgh sleep quality index	7.8 ± 5.1	13.9 ± 2.9	5.5 ± 3.6	0
95%CI	6.6 to 7.9	12.6 to 15.2	4.6 to 6.5
Epworth sleepiness scale	4.3 ± 3.6	6.8 ± 4.3	3.4 ± 2.8	0
95%CI	3.5 to 5.1	4.9 to 8.7	2.6 to 4.1
Zung depression scale	60.8 ± 7.1	58.0 ± 4.0	48.3 ± 6.1	0
95%CI	49.2 to 52.4	56.1 to 59.8	46.7 to 49.9
Fatigue severity scale index	4.5 ± 1.2	5.8 ± 0.7	4.1 ± 1.1	0
95%CI	4.3 to 4.8	5.4 to 6.1	3.8 to 4.3

All data are mean ± SD (95%CI). RLS: Restless legs syndrome.

Table 3 Quality of life data presented as pool data and divided in two groups according to restless legs syndrome diagnosis

Variables	Patients pool data	RLS	Non-RLS	P value
SF-36 MCS	55.3 ± 16.7	46.6 ± 15.4	58.5 ± 16.1	0.004
95%CI	51.6 to 59.0	39.8 to 53.5	54.3 to 62.7
SF-36 PCS	51.8 ± 19.4	40.6 ± 18.1	56.1 ± 18.2	0.001
95%CI	47.5 to 56.1	32.5 to 48.6	51.2 to 60.8
SF-36 total score	55.1 ± 18.8	45.5 ± 17.7	58.7 ± 18.1	0.004
95%CI	51.0 to 59.3	37.6 to 53.3	54.0 to 63.4
Physical function	46.9 ± 29.1	38.4 ± 28.2	50.1 ± 29.1	0.107
95%CI	40.5 to 53.4	25.8 to 50.9	42.5 to 57.7
Role physical	45.3 ± 42.4	28.4 ± 38.8	51.6 ± 42.2	0.027
95%CI	35.9 to 54.7	11.2 to 45.6	40.6 to 42.7
Body pain	72.3 ± 23.1	63.9 ± 24.3	75.4 ± 22.0	0.045
95%CI	67.1 to 77.4	53.1 to 74.7	69.6 to 81.1
General health	47.0 ± 16.4	37.1 ± 14.5	50.7 ± 15.6	0.001
95%CI	43.4 to 50.6	30.6 to 43.5	46.6 to 54.8
Vitality	48.3 ± 16.1	36.1 ± 14.5	52.8 ± 14.2	0
95%CI	44.7 to 51.8	29.6 to 42.5	49.1 to 56.6
Social functioning	71.8 ± 20.8	65.5 ± 21.7	74.1 ± 20.2	0.098
95%CI	67.2 to 76.4	55.9 to 75.1	68.9 to 79.4
Mental health	52.2 ± 45.3	43.9 ± 47.5	55.3 ± 44.4	0.316
95%CI	42.2 to 62.3	22.8 to 65.0	43.7 to 66.9
Reported health	57.1 ± 12.1	50.7 ± 10.7	59.5 ± 11.8	0.003
95%CI	54.4 to 59.8	45.9 to 55.4	56.4 to 62.6

All data are mean ± SD (95%CI). SF-36: 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; MCS: Mental component score; PCS: Physical component score; RLS: Restless legs syndrome.