Retrograde intrarenal surgery in pediatric patients

Table 1 Outcomes of pediatric retrograde intrarenal surgery procedures in published series

Ref.	Patient No.	Mean age, yr	Mean stone size (mm)	Passive dilation	Active dilation	Ureteral access sheat	Success	Complications
Cannon et al[24]	21	15.2 (1-20)	12 (± 5.9)	38%	81%	43%	76%	0%
Smaldone et al[25]	100	13.2 (± 5.4)	8.3 (± 5.3)	54%	70%	24%	91%	Ureteral stricture (1%)
								Ureteral perforation (5%)
Tanaka et al[26]	50	7.9 (1.2-13)	8 (1-16)	56%	35%	48%	58%	0%
Kim et al[23]	167	5.2 (1-18)	6.1 (3-24)	57%	-	?	99%	0%
Unsal et al[27]	16	4.2 (0-7)	11.5 (8-17)	37.50%	29.40%	17.60%	88%	Ureteral perforation (n = 1)
Erkut et al[28]	65	4.3 (0-7)	14 (7-30)	-	100%	100%	93%	27% complication rate
Abu Ghazaleh et al[29]	56	8.2 (6-14)	12 (9-15)	100%	-	-	100%	Urinary infection (n = 3)
								Hematuria (n = 1)
Resorlu et al[30]	95	9.4 (0-17)	18 (10-30)	?	18.90%	63.10%	85%	% 8.4 complications

Table 2 Comparison of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery data in a recent study by Resorlu et al[30] n (%)

	PNL	RIRS
No. patients	106 (52.7)	95 (47.3)
Mean fluoroscopy time ± SD (s)	113.7 ± 36.6	33.2 ± 14.6
Mean operative time ± SD (min)	76.3 ± 21.2	42.1 ± 15.3
Mean hospitalization time ± SD (d)	3.1 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 0.6
Initial stone-free rate	91 (85.8)	80 (84.2)
Stones ≥ 20 mm	78/93 (83.9)	4/8 (50.0)
Stones < 20 mm	13/13 (100)	76/87 (87.3)
Final stone-free rate	100 (94.3)	88 (92.6)
Minor (Clavien I–II) complications	18 (17.0)	8 (8.4)
Major (Clavien III–IV) complications	-	-
Blood transfusion rate	7 (6.6)	-

PNL: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; RIRS: Retrograde intrarenal surgery.