Ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pyelonephritis: A narrative review

Table 1 Studies published assessing B-mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with pyelonephritis (order by publication year)

Ref.	Year	Country	PMID	Study design	Aim of the study	Sample size	Mean age in years	Sensitivity	Specificity
Kim et al[25]	2001	Korea	11149528	Prospective study	CEUS in APN compared with CT	30		NA	NA
Stunell et al[7]	2006	Ireland	16937102	Comparative study	CEUS in APN compared with CT
Mitterberger et al[13]	2007	Austria	17941932	Prospective study	CEUS in APN compared with CT	100	30.2	98	100
Granata et al[23]	2011	Italy	20659906	Prospective study	CEUS in APN compared with MRI	56	50.1	95	100
Fontanilla et al[21]	2012	Spain	21792579	Observational study	CEUS in evaluation and follow-up of APN	48		NA	NA
Hosokawa et al[28]	2020	Japan	32162084	Observational study	US compared with CT in AFNB or APN	11
Boccatonda et al[11]	2023	Italy	37958043	Retrospective study	CEUS as follow-up of APN	28	49.2	NA	NA

AFBN: Acute focal bacterial nephritis; APN: Acute pyelonephritis; CEUS: Contrast enhanced ultrasound; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.