Seeing through the myths: Practical aspects of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound in nephrology

Figure 1 Intrarenal Doppler. A and B: Intrarenal Doppler demonstrated normal waveforms (A), tardus parvus (B) waveform in a case of suspected renal artery stenosis that should warrant further investigations such as radiology-performed Doppler ultrasonography and/or magnetic resonance angiography. A and B: Citation: Batool A, Chaudhry S, Koratala A. Transcending boundaries: Unleashing the potential of multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound in acute kidney injury. World J Nephrol 2023; 12: 93-103. Copyright© The Authors 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc (corresponding author’s prior open access publication).

Figure 2 A case of discrepant clinical and point of care ultrasonography findings. A: Absent pedal edema; B: Plethoric inferior vena cava suggestive of elevated right atrial pressure; C: Pulsatile portal vein Doppler with flow reversal indicative of severe venous congestion.

Figure 3 Scope of nephrology-related point of care ultrasonography: Organ-specific focused questions that can be answered by bedside ultrasonography. Those marked with asterisk (*) indicate advanced sonographic applications requiring a higher operator skill level/additional training. COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; LV: Left ventricle; LVH: Left ventricular hypertrophy; IVC: Inferior vena cava; RV: Right ventricle. Citation: Koratala A, Reisinger N. POCUS for Nephrologists: Basic Principles and a General Approach. Kidney360 2021; 2: 1660-1668. Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Nephrology. The authors have obtained the permission for figure using from the Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc (Supplementary material).

Figure 4 Flow chart depicting the key elements of establishing a point of care ultrasonography program at the institutional level. POCUS: Point of care ultrasonography. Citation: Koratala A, Reisinger N. POCUS for Nephrologists: Basic Principles and a General Approach. Kidney360 2021; 2: 1660-1668. Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Nephrology. The authors have obtained the permission for figure using from the Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc (Supplementary material).