Biological and historical overview of Zika virus

Table 1 Roles of viral protein and RNA during viral infection in permissive cells

Name of the vital material	Location in cell	Function
Viral genome + ssRNA (approximately 11000 nt)	Cytoplasm	Template for protein translation and for viral genome replication
Envelope, E (53 KDa)[52]	Cell membrane	Viral assembly, budding, attachment to target cells, and viral membrane fusion
Membrane precursor, PrM (20 KDa)[53]	Cell membrane	Facilitating E protein folding and trafficking, and virion maturation
Capsid, C (12 KDa)[54]	Cytoplasm	Virion maturation
NS1 (glycoprotein)[55] (46-55 kDa)	Endoplasmic reticulum	Subverting immune response
	vesicular compartments,	virus-induced intracellular RNA
	cell surface	replication, neurovirulence
NS2a (25 kDa)[56]	Transmembrane	Virus assembly, inhibit IFN-response
NS2b (14 kDa)[1,57]	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Viral protein cleavage
NS3 (69 kDa)[1]	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Viral protein cleavage, RNA
		triphosphatase, mRNA capping,
		RNA helicase
NS4a (16 kDa)[58]	Transmembrane	Viral RNA replication
NS4b (21.5 kDa)[59]	Integral membrane	Suppression of (IFN-α/β),
		suppression of the host RNAi,
		negatively regulate the helicase
		function, viral replication
NS5 (103 kDa)[60,61]	Cytoplasm, nucleus	The RNA triphosphatase,
		RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Table 2 Origin of the types Zika viruses

Isolation region	Isolation year	Accession #	Strain	Ref.
Malaysia	1966	HQ234499	P6-740	Haddow et al[4]
Micronesia	2007	EU545988	N/A	Lanciotti et al[23]
Cambodia	2010	JN860885	FSS13025	Haddow et al[4]
Thailand	2016	KU681082	H.sapiens-tc/PHL/2012/CPC-0740	unpublished
Philippines	2016	KU681081	H.sapiens-tc/THA/2014/SV0127	unpublished
China	2016	KU744693	VE Ganxian	unpublished
China	2016	KU740184	GD01	unpublished
Nigeria	1968	HQ234500	IBH 30656	Haddow et al[4]
Senegal	1984	HQ234501	ArD 41519	Haddow et al[4]
Uganda	1947	HQ234498	MR766	Haddow et al[4]
Uganda	2004	NC012532	N/A	Kuno et al[62]
CAR	2014	KF268948	ARB13565	Berthet et al[63]
CAR	2014	KF268949	ARB15076	Berthet et al[63]
CAR	2014	KF268950	ARB7701	Berthet et al[63]
Senegal	2001	KF383119	ArD158084	Faye et al[2]
Senegal	2001	KF383118	ArD157995	Faye et al[2]
Senegal	2001	KF383117	ArD128000	Faye et al[2]
Senegal	2001	KF383116	ArD7117	Faye et al[2]
Brazil	2016	KU497555	Brazil-ZKV2015	Calvet et al[64]
Brazil	2016	KU707826	SSABR1	Costa et al[65]
Brazil	2016	KU527608	Natal RGN	Mlakar et al[48]
Brazil	2016	KU501215	PRVABC59	Lanciotti et al[23]
Brazil	2016	KU321639	ZikaSPH2015	Staples et al[66]
Brazil	2016	KU312312	Z1106033	Enfissi et al[67]
France	2014	KJ776791	H/PF/2013	Baronti et al[68]
Martinique	2016	KU647676	Martinique_PaRi_2015	Baronti et al[68]
Haiti	2014	KU509998	Haiti/1225/2014	Lednicky et al[69]

CAR: Central African Republic; N/A: Not applicable.