COVID-19 in pregnancy: Perinatal outcomes and complications

Table 1 Patient characteristics (n = 60)

Demographics
Age median (IQR)	30 (24-35)
Gestational week median (IQR)	36 (30-38)
Comorbidities (%)
Hypertension	1 (1.66)
Diabetes	3 (5)
Hypothyroidism	5 (8.5)
BMI > 30	3 (5)
Hematologic condition	4 (6.8)
Former OB/GYN pathology	3 (5)
Symptomatology
Days from onset median (IQR)	3 (2-7)
Asymptomatic (%)	27 (45)
Fever (%/symptomatic)	18 (54.5)
Dyspnea (%/symptomatic)	11 (33.3)
Cough (%/symptomatic)	19 (57.6)
Contractions (%/symptomatic)	11 (33.3)
Pregnancy outcomes (%)
Preterm delivery	18 (30)
Fetal clinical abnormalities	4 (6.6)
Neonatal ICU admission	6 (10)
Miscarriage	1 (1.66)
Still birth	2 (3.33)
SGA	3 (5)
CS due to ARDS	2 (3.33)
Maternal outcomes (%)
Hospitalization	15 (25)
Survival	60 (100)
IMV	4 (6.6)
Pharmacologic management (%)
Corticosteroids	25 (41.6)
Remdesivir	13 (21.6)

BMI: Body mass index; OB/GYN: Obstetric/gynecologic; ICU: Intensive care unit; SGA: Small for gestational age; CS: Cesarean section; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; IMV: Invasive mechanical ventilation.

Table 2 Hospitalized vs non-hospitalized pregnant women, n (%)

	Hospitalized (n = 15)	Not hospitalized (n = 45)	P value
Demographics
Age median (IQR)	34 (23-40)	29.67 (26-34)	0.36
Former smokers	2 (13.3)	6 (13.3)	0.584
BMI > 30	3 (20)	0 (0)	0.013
At least one co-morbidity	4 (26.6)	6 (13.3)	0.25
Gestational week median (IQR)	30 (26-36)	36 (34-38)	0.031
Clinical manifestations
Asymptomatic	0 (0)	27 (37.7)	< 0.001
Days from onset median (IQR)	7 (2-9)	2 (2-3)	0.006
Fever (symptomatic)	10 (66.6)	8 (17.7)	0.2
Dyspnoea (symptomatic)	11 (73.3)	0 (0)	< 0.001
Cough (symptomatic)	11 (73.3)	8 (17.7)	0.09
Contractions (symptomatic)	2 (13.3)	16 (35.5)	0.026
Disease severity
WHO CPS median (IQR)	5 (5-6)	2 (1-4)	< 0.001
P/F < 400	10 (66.6)	3 (20)	< 0.001
Need for NIV	6 (13.3)	0 (0)	< 0.001
Need for IMV	4 (8.8)	0 (0)	< 0.001
Pharmacological management
Corticosteroids	13 (86.6)	12 (26.6)	< 0.001
Remdesivir	8 (53.3)	5 (11.1)	0.02
Pregnancy outcomes
Preterm delivery	5 (33.3)	13 (28.8)	0.745
Composite adverse perinatal	5 (33.3)	6 (13.3)	0.09
Laboratory values median (IQR)
WBC (Κ/μL)	6980 (5580-8320)	9110 (7380-11150)	0.01
LYMPH (Κ/μL)	1.142 (0.785-1.570)	1.300 (1.020-1.880)	0.102
CPK (ng/mL)	69 (20-94)	65.5 (35-164)	0.179
LDH (IU/L)	318 (258-376)	210 (178-283)	0.001
CRP (mg/dL)	5.94 (2.09-9.81)	2.34 (1.02-4.47)	0.028
Ferritin (ng/mL)	149 (101-140)	74 (34.5-95.5)	0.001
D-Dimers (μg/mL)	1.470 (0.670-2.180)	1.492 (1.045-2.215)	0.303

WHO CPS: World Health Organization Clinical Progression Score for COVID-19; BMI: Body mass index; P/F: PaO2/FiO2 ratio; NIV: Non-invasive ventilation; IMV: Invasive mechanical ventilation; WBC: White blood cells; LYMPH: Lymphocyte count; CPK: Creatine phosphokinase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein.