Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients treated with monoclonal antibodies

Table 1 Current literature

Ref.	Type of study	Conclusions
Baldo et al[10], 2022	Review	Warning of adverse liver reactions after the initiation of mAbs. mAbs that are at high risk of HBV reactivation, TNF-α inhibitors are at moderate risk
Evens et al[13], 2011	Meta-Analysis	118 cases were reported to the US FDA in which rituximab was associated with HBV reactivation
Dusheiko et al[14], 2023	Review	B-cell–depleting therapy with rituximab highlights the contribution of memory B cells to HBV control
Nathan et al[15], 2006	Review	TNF inhibits hepatitis viral replication and stimulates HBV-specific T-cell responses to clear the virus from infected hepatocytes. TNF could cause increased expression of hepatitis B viral antigens
Megna et al[16], 2022	Prospective cohort study	Highlights the risk of HBV reactivation in patients with latent infection treated with secukinumab without prophylaxis
Chiu et al[17], 2018	Multicenter Study	Without antiviral prophylaxis, 7 of 46 (15.2%) patients with HBV exhibited viral reactivation during therapy with secukinumab
Chiu et al[18], 2013	Clinical Trial	Among 11 patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), two out of the seven (29%) patients who did not receive antiviral prophylaxis exhibited HBV reactivation
Ting et al[19], 2018	Prospective cohort study	Among the remaining 54 patients classified as inactive HBV carriers, resolved HBV infection, or isolated anti-HBc positivity, only 3 patients experienced virologic reactivation

HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; US FDA: United States Food and Drug Administration.